The Role of CERN - Sharing Knowledge Foundation · Training Programmes 2008 • Summer...
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The Role of CERN John ELLIS, Advisor to the Director-General, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland Diaspora ! Scientific Diasporas: From Brain Drain to Brain Gain
Transcript of The Role of CERN - Sharing Knowledge Foundation · Training Programmes 2008 • Summer...
The Role of CERN
John ELLIS,Advisor to the Director-General,CERN, Geneva, Switzerland Diaspora !
Scientific Diasporas: From Brain Drain to Brain Gain
Outline
• Research at CERNWhat we doHow we do it
• International collaborationMember and non-Member StatesAccelerators, detectors, IT
• Roles of diasporas at CERN
All matter is made ofthe same constituents
What are they?What forces between them?
Inside Matter
The ‘Standard Model’ ofParticle Physics
Proposed by Abdus Salam,Glashow & Weinberg
Crucial tests inexperiments at CERN, etc.
In agreement with allconfirmed laboratory
experiments
Diaspora !
What lies beyondthe Standard Model ?
The Large Hadron Collider (LHC)
Several thousand billion protonsEach with ~ 7000 rest energy
~ the energy of a fly 99.9999991% of light speed Orbit 27km ring 11 000 times/secondA billion collisions a second
Primary targets: •Origin of mass•Nature of Dark Matter•Primordial Plasma•Matter vs Antimatter
To answer this question:
Diameter 25 mTotal length 46 mOverall weight 7000 tons
The ATLAS Detector
More components than a moon rocket2642 scientific authors
over 700 students37 countries
Globalization of CERN• 20 Member States (+1 candidate)
– European countries– Subscriptions pay for infrastructure, eligible for contracts,
training programmes, staff members, …• 6 Observer States
– Have made significant contributions to CERN budgetand/or LHC
• 36 Co-operation Agreements with governments,agencies– Participations in experiments
• 26 other countries have some contacts– Individual scientists
Latin America:Cooperation Agreements with 8 countrieshelped by EU via HELEN network
Africa:CooperationAgreementswith 4 countries
Scientistsremain basedin their homeUniversities,
Institutes
Scientists collaborating with CERN
Locationsof
Institutes
34 countries
Asia & Australasia:3 Observer StatesCooperationAgreementswith 10 countries
Why Collaborate with CERN?
• General public, particle physicists– Universal questions
• Nature of matter, evolution & structure of Universe
• Funding agencies, politicians– Interest young people in science– Knowledge-based economy– International collaboration
• CERN– More brains– More financial resources
• CERN Council Working Group on enlargement
The Birthplace ofthe
World-Wide Web
Tim Berners-Lee the inventor
The first download in California 1991
The first server at CERN
Grid: Largest Computer System in the World
Development led by CERN100,000 computers all over the world
Grid is next advance in decentralised computingMany other applications: biology, climate, …
Collaborations at CERN• Accelerator projects
– LHC– LHC upgrade– Possible future accelerators
• Experimental detectors at CERN– Legally independent of CERN
• Information technology– Worldwide LHC computing Grid– EGEE + extensions
• Applications– Accelerator technologies– Detector technologies
Participations in CERN Accelerator Projects
• LHC– Canada, India*, Japan, Russia, USA
*Coordinated by expatriate CERN staff member
• LHC upgrades– India, Pakistan, Russia, Saudi Arabia*
* Coordinated by student at CERN
• CLIC (next-generation collider)– China, India, Iran*, Japan, Pakistan*, Russia, Turkey*,
Ukraine, USA**Students/postdocs working at CERN
Participations in Major Experiments
• ATLAS:– Argentina*, Armenia*, Australia*, Azerbaijan, Belarus,
Brazil, Canada, Chile*, China, Colombia, Georgia, Israel,Japan, Morocco*, Romania, Russia*, Serbia, Slovenia,Taipei, Turkey*, USA
• CMS:– Brazil, China*, Croatia*, Cyprus, Estonia, India*, Iran,
Ireland, Korea, Lithuania*, Mexico, New Zealand*,Pakistan, Russia*, Serbia, Taipei, Turkey*, USA
*Key roles played by expatriate physicists
Training Programmes 2008• Summer undergraduate student programme:
– 120 students from 20 Member States– 100 students from 32 non-Member States, e.g.,
• Armenia, Azerbaijan, China, Colombia, Cuba, Georgia, Ghana,India, Lesotho, Madagascar, Malaysia, Mexico, Pakistan, Palestine,Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Turkey, UAE, Vietnam
• High-school teacher programme:– Saudi Arabia, UNESCO
• Digital libraries*:– UNESCO (South Africa, Madagascar, Rwanda)
*Part of CERN commitment to Open Access• CERN-Latin American physics school in 2009
– Africa in 2010?
Roles of Diasporas at CERN• Global network of scientific collaborations
– Exchanges between nodes– Nationalities of physicists different from institutions
• First generation helps the next– Elder brothers and sisters– Motivated to support compatriots– Contacts in home country– Advice respected, help welcomed
• Concrete example– Indian staff member at CERN
trains students, helps new Indianinstitutes join research at CERN
Scientists collaborating with CERN
Nationalities
70 countries
+ 6
+ 56+ 18
- 187
+ 136
+ 438
- 55
+ 643
- 385- 102
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