Most English colonists were glad to be part of the British Empire. Life was good and the

American colonies had the highest

standard of living in the world!I CAN DESCRIBE SALUTARY NEGLECT AND WHAT IT MEANS TO THE CAUSE OF

THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION

Salutary neglect

• Period of time between 1713-1763 where the colonies saw little/no intervention by England in colonial affairs– Sir Robert Walpole--believed colonies

should be left alone; best for England– Colonies developed self-reliance and

effective organization– 13 separate colonial governments

emerged– Americans became used to managing

their own affairs w/o government interference

I CAN DESCRIBE SALUTARY NEGLECT AND WHAT IT MEANS TO THE CAUSE OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION

• American Revolutionary War is also known as the War for Independence, 1775-1783– We were 3000 miles away from England

“Distance weakens authority, great

distance weakens authority greatly”

WHAT IS mercantilism

• Belief that WEALTH was power

• An economic system in which a “mother country” attempts to establish colonies for the benefit of the mother country– Mother country tries to sell more than it

bought and keep all the money in the family

– All European countries at this time used mercantilismI CAN DEFINE MERCANTILISM AND ITS FOUR GOALS/PURPOSES

Goals/purposes of mercantilism

1. Ensure British naval power2. Colonies provide raw materials3. Colonies a market for British goods4. Keep all the money in the British

Empire

I CAN DEFINE MERCANTILISM AND ITS FOUR GOALS/PURPOSES

In order to ensure

England’s wealth, all

colonial purchases had

to be purchased with “hard money”

I CAN DEFINE MERCANTILISM AND ITS FOUR GOALS/PURPOSES

Enumerated articles

• Certain products (like tobacco) that were forbidden to be sold anywhere but to England

I CAN DEFINE WHAT ENUMERATED ARTICLES ARE

Navigation laws

• Navigation Law of 1650--laws passed to enforce the mercantilist system– First enacted in 1650– Goal was to stop Dutch shippers

involved in American trade– Not enforced well early on

I CAN SUMMARIZE THE REASON AND EFFECTS OF THE NAVIGATION ACTS

To avoid much of the parts of the Mercantilist system, colonists resort

to smuggling

JOHN HANCOCK--#1 smuggler, “King of All Smugglers”, wealthy

businessmanI CAN SUMMARIZE THE REASON AND EFFECTS OF THE NAVIGATION ACTS

1763 marked a new era of relations between

England and the colonies

George grenville

• Prime Minister who first began the effort to get colonial America to help pay

King george III

• King of England during the Revolutionary War

British debt was huge! Lots of debt from the

French and Indian War. British want the colonies to pay 1/3rd

of maintaining protection in the

America’sI CAN LIST THE MAJOR TAXES/ACTS PLACED UPON THE COLONIES BY ENGLAND

Sugar act1764

• Sugar Act of 1764– First law ever passed for raising tax

revenue in the colonies– Created resentment, then anger died

down

I CAN LIST THE MAJOR TAXES/ACTS PLACED UPON THE COLONIES BY ENGLAND

• Quartering Act of 1765– Required certain colonies to provide

food and quarters for British troops

• Stamp Act of 1765– To raise money to support military force

in colonies– Mandated the use of stamped paper or

stamps showing payment of tax

I CAN LIST THE MAJOR TAXES/ACTS PLACED UPON THE COLONIES BY ENGLAND

Admiralty courts

• ADMIRALTY COURTS– Similar to military courts– No juries allowed– Guilty until you could prove innocence

Trial by jury and “innocent until proven

guilty” historic BRITISH RIGHTS

I CAN LIST THE MAJOR TAXES/ACTS PLACED UPON THE COLONIES BY ENGLAND

NO TAXATION WITHOUT REPRESENTATION

• Many colonist felt as thought they didn’t have representation on tax matters– Denied the right of Parliament, in which

NO AMERICANS served, to impose taxes on them

• Grenville’s Response?– VIRTUAL REPRESENTATION

• Every member of Parliament represented ALL BRITISH persons, even American colonists!!

I CAN EXPLAIN THE COLONIAL RESPONSES TO THESE ACTS

Colonial actions to the stamp act

• Stamp Act Congress of 1765– Brought together in NY City 27

delegates from 9 colonies– Drew up a statement of grievances

(complaints)– Begged King and Parliament to repeal

act– Significance was began COLONIAL UNITY

• NonImportation Agreements– All will NOT buy or trade with England

I CAN EXPLAIN THE COLONIAL RESPONSES TO THESE ACTS

violence

• Sons of Liberty/Daughters of Liberty– Enforced

nonimportation agreements

– Used “tar and feathers”

I CAN EXPLAIN THE COLONIAL RESPONSES TO THESE ACTS

Did it work?

• England was hit hard– Hundreds of English workers out of work– Want Parliament to do away with Stamp

Act

I CAN EXPLAIN THE COLONIAL RESPONSES TO THESE ACTS

Declaratory act

• Passed with repeal of Stamp Act

• Said Parliament had the right to do WHATEVER it wanted with the colonies

LINES IN THE SAND WERE DRAWN!

I CAN EXPLAIN THE COLONIAL RESPONSES TO THESE ACTS

CHARLES TOWNSHEND

• New PM after Grenville

• Known as “Champagne Charley” (liked his adult beverages!)

I CAN DESCRIBE THE BOSTON MASSACRE

TOWNSHEND ACTS

• Light tax on glass, white lead, paper, paint, and tea– Paid at the ports instead of directly by the

colonists– Thought that would go OK for colonists

• Problems?– Colonists felt powerful after repeal of Stamp

Act– Money to pay royal governors and judges in

America• Colonists had control of money and could control

these• BUT, if this happened, they COULD NOT control them!

I CAN DESCRIBE THE BOSTON MASSACRE

• Solutions?– NONIMPORTATION again, but not as

successful

I CAN DESCRIBE THE BOSTON MASSACRE

Nicknames for britishsoldiers

1. Redcoats2. Bloodybacks3. Lobsterbacks

I CAN DESCRIBE THE BOSTON MASSACRE

Boston massacre1770

• 60 townspeople against 10 Redcoats

• British were being provoked

• The Redcoats fired, wounding and killing 11 townspeople

• Crispus Attucks was the first person to die in this massacre

• Famous picture painted by Paul Revere

I CAN DESCRIBE THE BOSTON MASSACRE

Lord North

• Took over after Townshend

• A “yes” man to King George!

Samuel Adams• “Engineer of the

Revolution” or “Penman of the Revolution”– Master at propaganda– Kept the tensions with Great

Britain high

• Created in Massachusetts COMMITTEES of CORRESPONDENCE– These were men who wrote

letters from one town to another in Mass.

– Soon it became intercolonial– The colonists would exchange

letters and build resentment against the British.

Boston tea party1773

• Govt tried to help British East India Tea Company by giving them a monopoly on free trade

• Several “tea parties” occurred resulting in the burning of ships and tea

• In Boston, the colonists boarded all three ships and dumped 342 chests of tea into the harbor

• EFFECT? The British passed the Intolerable Acts

I CAN DESCRIBE THE BOSTON TEA PARTY AND THE INTOLERABLE ACTS AND QUEBEC ACT

Intolerable Acts1774

• Also known as the Coercive Acts

• Intolerable Acts said…1. The Port of Boston was to be closed

until the damages paid for2. Restricted town meetings3. New stronger Quartering Act4. If any English soldier killed an

American, he would be tried in England

I CAN DESCRIBE THE BOSTON TEA PARTY AND THE INTOLERABLE ACTS AND QUEBEC ACT

Quebec act1774

• QUEBEC ACT– Not really a

punishment on Boston, but happened at the same time

– Extended the borders of Quebec all the way down to the Ohio River Valley

– Colonists fear Catholicism and French Canadian threat again!

I CAN DESCRIBE THE BOSTON TEA PARTY AND THE INTOLERABLE ACTS AND QUEBEC ACT

Colonial reaction to quebec act

• Set a dangerous precedent– No representative assemblies and

denials of jury trials---NO WAY!!

• Upset land settlers who were wanting to move into the area

• Aroused anti-Catholics who thought area was marked for Protestantism

I CAN DESCRIBE THE BOSTON TEA PARTY AND THE INTOLERABLE ACTS AND QUEBEC ACT

1st continental congress• Met b/c of the INTOLERABLE ACTS

• Colonies send their representatives to Philadelphia to form a Congress in response to the Intolerable Acts in 1774

• Created a document called “The Association”

• No real desire yet for independence

• Called for a boycott of British made goods

• Would meet again in 1775 if conditions with Britain did not get better

• Main goal was to try and negotiate with King George and Parliament

I CAN SUMMARIZE THE EVENTS OF THE FIRST CONTINENTAL CONGRESS

• After the Boston Tea Party the British send more troops to enforce the Intolerable Acts.

• The British sent troops mainly to get our gunpowder and to seize Sam Adams and John Hancock.

• Colonial militias prepare for war.

I CAN SUMMARIZE THE EVENTS OF THE FIRST CONTINENTAL CONGRESS

minutemen

• Citizens who could on a moments notice be prepared to defend their country

I CAN DESCRIBE THE EVENT OF THE BATTLE OF LEXINGTON AND CONCORD

Paul revere andwilliam dawes

• Rode on horseback to notify Minutemen British had arrived!

I CAN DESCRIBE THE EVENT OF THE BATTLE OF LEXINGTON AND CONCORD

Battle of lexington and concord 1775

• Known as the “shot heard around the world”

I CAN DESCRIBE THE EVENT OF THE BATTLE OF LEXINGTON AND CONCORD

• British searching for stolen weapons–

“search and seizure”• Stopped at Lexington

and encountered 56 Minutemen

• Minutemen stood up for what they

believed was their land

SHOT HEARD ‘ROUND THE WORLD

I CAN DESCRIBE THE EVENT OF THE BATTLE OF LEXINGTON AND CONCORD

Americans

• 90 dead wounded or capturedBritish

• 250 dead, wounded, or captured

• Minutemen engage British troops at Concord Bridge.

• British find some weapons at Concord.

• British return to Boston, 5,000 Minutemen attack

British troops.

I CAN DESCRIBE THE EVENT OF THE BATTLE OF LEXINGTON AND CONCORD

Englands strengths

1. Population2. Money3. Navy4. Support of Natives

I CAN LIST THE BRITISH STRENGTHS/WEAKNESSES

American strengths

1. Outstanding leadership2. Economic aid from France3. Defensive military tactics work4. Able to produce enough food5. Great marksmen6. Moral advantage--just cause

I CAN LIST THE COLONIES STRENGTHS/WEAKNESSES

British weaknesses

1. Distance to the colonies2. Size of America3. Poor leadership4. American only had to tie, British

had to win

I CAN LIST THE BRITISH STRENGTHS/WEAKNESSES

American weaknesses

1. Poorly organized for war2. Jealousy among colonies3. Economic difficulties4. Military challenges5. Morale low/greedy profiteers6. Only select few committed to cause

I CAN LIST THE COLONIES STRENGTHS/WEAKNESSES

Population

Manufacturing

Money

Army

Leaders

Geography

Navy

Will to Fight

Approximately 12 million

Highly developed

Richest country in the world

Large, well trained army plus Hessians

Few officers capable of leading

Strange land---difficult to re-supply troops

Naval world power

Trained soldiers---but no heart

Approximately 3 million and 1/3 loyal to England.

Practically none

No $$$ to support the war

Volunteers, poorly equipped

Dedicated officers plus foreign leaders

Familiar land, easy access to supplies

No navy

Defending homeland---will to fight

Factors Great Britain United States

Attrition [the Brits had a long supply line].

Guerilla tactics [fight an insurgent war you don’t have to win a battle, just wear the British down]

Make an alliance with one of Britain’s enemies.

The Americans

The British

Break the colonies in half by getting between the No. & the So.

Blockade the ports to prevent the flow of goods and supplies from an ally.

“Divide and Conquer” use the Loyalists.

Marquis de Lafayette

• Youthful French officer who gave America not only military service, but also $200,000 of his own money

I CAN DISCUSS MAJOR PEOPLE INVOLVED IN THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION

Baron von stueben

• Drillmaster who whipped the Army into shape

I CAN DISCUSS MAJOR PEOPLE INVOLVED IN THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION

Three famous African American’s who helped

colonies1. Peter Salem2. Salem Poor3. Prince Whipple

I CAN DISCUSS MAJOR PEOPLE INVOLVED IN THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION

Around 1/3rd of the colonists

supported the Revolution, 1/3rd

supported the British, and 1/3rd were apathetic!