ThecampdavidsummiT | M

AY 2012

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Perspectives from Barack Obama • David Cameron

Angela Merkel • Stephen Harper

Ellen Johnson Sirleaf • Robert Fauver

Angel Gurría • Dilma Rousseff

Supachai Panitchpakdi • Lars Thunell

José Graziano da Silva • Kanayo F Nwanze

Etharin Cousin • Michel Sidibé • Anthony Lake

Achim Steiner • Maria van der Hoeven

The camp david summiT maY 2012

The road to recovery

JOHANNES MATJILAThabazimbi, South Africa

AngloAmerican_placed.indd 2 3/5/12 20:41:58

MINING PRODUCES PRECIOUS THINGS:

A BABY BORN WITHOUT HIV HUMAN RIGHTS START WITH A BASIC RIGHT TO LIFE.

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THOUGHT INTO THE HEALTH AND WELFARE OF OUR PEOPLE

AND THEIR FAMILIES AS WE DO OUR MINES.

OUR LEADING RESPONSE TO THE HIV/AIDS PANDEMIC IN

SOUTH AFRICA INCLUDES OPERATING THE WORLD’S LARGEST

FREE WORKPLACE HIV COUNSELLING, TESTING AND AIDS

TREATMENT PROGRAMME.

TODAY, THESE TREATMENT PROGRAMMES ARE BEING

EXTENDED TO ALL SPOUSES AND DEPENDANTS OF OUR

EMPLOYEES, IN ADDITION TO OUR LONGSTANDING PROGRAMME

TO PREVENT THE TRANSMISSION OF HIV FROM MOTHER TO BABY.

WHEN YOU JOIN ANGLO AMERICAN, YOU JOIN A FAMILY THAT

TAKES CARE OF ITS PEOPLE.

FIND OUT MORE AT GETTHEFULLSTORY.COM

MINING PRODUCES PRECIOUS THINGS:

A BABY BORNWITHOUT HIVHUMAN RIGHTS START WITH A BASIC RIGHT TO LIFE.

THAT IS WHY, WHEREVER WE OPERATE, WE PUT AS MUCH

THOUGHT INTO THE HEALTH AND WELFARE OF OUR PEOPLE

AND THEIR FAMILIES AS WE DO OUR MINES.

OUR LEADING RESPONSE TO THE HIV/AIDS PANDEMIC IN

SOUTH AFRICA INCLUDES OPERATING THE WORLD’S LARGEST

FREE WORKPLACE HIV COUNSELLING, TESTING AND AIDS

TREATMENT PROGRAMME.

TODAY, THESE TREATMENT PROGRAMMES ARE BEING

EXTENDED TO ALL SPOUSES AND DEPENDANTS OF OUR

EMPLOYEES, IN ADDITION TO OUR LONGSTANDING PROGRAMME

TO PREVENT THE TRANSMISSION OF HIV FROM MOTHER TO BABY.

WHEN YOU JOIN ANGLO AMERICAN, YOU JOIN A FAMILY THAT

TAKES CARE OF ITS PEOPLE.

FIND OUT MORE AT GETTHEFULLSTORY.COM

AngloAmerican_placed.indd 3 3/5/12 20:41:58

JOHANNES MATJILA Thabazimbi, South Africa

tfsa_G8_ad.qxd:Layout 1 4/30/12 3:44 PM Page 1

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00-Masthead.indd 5 4/5/12 22:03:00

The CAMP DAVID SuMMIT MAy 2012

Editors John Kirton Madeline Koch

Senior researcher Zaria Shaw Researcher Caroline Bracht Editor-in-chief Colette Doyle Managing editor Barry Davies Sub-editors Matthew Andrews, Clare Cronin, Erica Moss

Art editors Jean-Philippe Stanway, James WhiteDesigners John Bowling, Jamie Young

Production and distribution manager Malcolm GreenEditorial production assistant Elizabeth Heuchan

Sales director Martin Cousens Senior sales manager Thomas Kennedy Sales manager David Friel Sales executives Andrew Adam, Peter De Vries, Michael Malcolm,

Geraldine Roux, Phillip Sims

Managing director Andrew Howard Chief executive Alan Spence Chairman Paul Duffen

Pictures: Demotix, Getty, Press Association, Reuters, 123rf, UNICEF ISBN: 978-1-906940-55-3

Printed by Buxton Press

Published by

www.newsdeskmedia.com

130 City Road, London EC1V 2NW, UK Tel: +44 (0) 20 7650 1600 Fax: +44 (0) 20 7650 1609

700 12th Street NW, Washington DC 20005, US Tel: +1 (202) 904 2423 Fax: +1 (202) 904 2424

Newsdesk Media Group publishes a wide range of business and customer publications. For further information please contact Paul Duffen, chairman

G8 Research Group

In cooperation with the G8 Research Group Munk School of Global Affairs and Trinity College University of Toronto 1 Devonshire Place, Room 209N Toronto ON M5S 3K7 Canada Tel: +1 416 946 8953 www.g8.utoronto.ca

© 2012. The entire contents of this publication are protected by copyright. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means: electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. The views and opinions expressed by independent authors and contributors in this publication are provided in the writers’ personal capacities and are their sole responsibility. Their publication does not imply that they represent the views or opinions of Newsdesk Communications Ltd or the G8 Research Group and must neither be regarded as constituting advice on any matter whatsoever, nor be interpreted as such. The reproduction of advertisements in this publication does not in any way imply endorsement by Newsdesk Communications Ltd or the G8 Research Group of products or services referred to therein.

G8 Camp david MAy 2012 | 5

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contents

Contents

Introduction and Leaders’ Perspectives

14 A time of transformation Barack Obama, president, United States of America

18 United for freedom and enterprise David Cameron, prime minister, United Kingdom

24 Cooperation, responsibility, solidarity Angela Merkel, chancellor, Federal Republic of Germany

26 G8: acting together for global prosperity and security Stephen Harper, prime minister, Canada

28 Prospects for the Camp David Summit John Kirton, director, G8 Research Group

30 America’s G8 summitry: back to the future Robert Fauver, former G7/G8 sherpa, United States

33 Illinois – the place to do business Pat Quinn, governor, State of Illinois

The G8’s Partners – African Opportunity

39 Progress in a democratic Liberia Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, president, Liberia

44 Strengthening political governance for security and stability in Africa Dr Jean Ping, chairperson, African Union Commission

48 Working together to assist Africa’s development efforts Donald Kaberuka, president, African Development Bank Group

Innovation For Economic Growth, Employment and Social Security

53 Fostering growth through innovation Angel Gurría, secretary-general, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)

58 The G8’s strategy for global economic growth Robert Fauver, former G7/G8 sherpa, United States

G8 Camp david may 2012 | 7

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In a world where democracy cannot be taken for granted . . .

. . . turn to International IDEA The International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance

Our mission is to support sustainable democratic change through provision of comparative knowledge, and assisting in democratic reform, and influencing policies and politics.

Electoral Processes

Political Parties, Participation and Representation

Our Programme Democracy cannot be imposed or exported, but it can be supported. And because those working for democratic reform can be inspired by what others are doing elsewhere around the world, we play an instrumental role in supporting initiatives in:

Constitution Building Processes

Democracy and Development

As democratic institutions and processes operate in national and international political contexts we are developing and mainstreaming the understanding of how democracy interplays with:

• Conflict and security

• Gender

• Diversity

For more information www.idea.int

Headquarters

Strömsborg Tel: +46-8-698 37 00 SE-103 34 Fax: +46-8-20 24 22 Stockholm Email: info@idea.int Sweden Website: www.idea.int

WHere does InternatIonal Idea Work?

International IDEA works worldwide. Based in Stockholm, Sweden, the Institute has offices located in the Africa, Asia and the Pacific, Latin America, and West Asia and North Africa regions.

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contents

62 America forges ahead in the new global economy David Hale, chair, David Hale Global Economics and co-editor of What’s Next? Unconventional Wisdom on the Future of the World Economy

66 Generating green growth and jobs in G8 countries Steve Charnovitz, George Washington University Law School

71 The contribution of the private sector to education Harry Anthony Patrinos, lead education economist, World Bank

76 Innovation and productivity in an age of austerity: a role for ICTs David Crane, journalist

80 Start-ups: more than just a sideshow Jonathan Ortmans, chair, Global Entrepreneurship Congress; president, Global Entrepreneurship Week; senior fellow at the Kauffman Foundation

84 Unlocking the potential for innovation offered by ICTs Jeffrey A Hart, Indiana University, United States

88 Towards stewardship in cyberspace Ron Deibert, director, Citizen Lab and Canada Centre for Global Security Studies, Munk School of Global Affairs, University of Toronto, Canada

Development

92 Reaching the Millennium Development Goals with energy Timothy E Wirth, president, United Nations Foundation; member, United Nations secretary-general’s High-Level Group on Sustainable Energy for All

98 Harnessing investment for sustainable development Supachai Panitchpakdi, secretary-general, UN Conference on Trade and Development

102 African infrastructure: foundation for a continent’s growth Lars H Thunell, executive vice president and CEO, International Finance Corporation, World Bank Group

106 The role of Asian Development Bank in shaping the continent’s future Haruhiko Kuroda, president, Asia Development Bank

110 Financing democratic change in North Africa Thomas Mirow, president, European Bank for Reconstruction and Development

114 The contribution of social business Muhammad Yunus, Yunus Centre

Food, Nutrition and Agriculture

116 Ensuring the world is fed José Graziano da Silva, director general, United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization

120 Why the farmer should be put first Kanayo F Nwanze, president, International Fund for Agricultural Development

122 Unlocking the power of partnerships for the world’s poor and hungry Ertharin Cousin, executive director, World Food Programme

126 Continuing the progress in global food production Donald GM Coxe, chair, Coxe Advisor

G8 Camp david may 2012 | 9

Booze Allen Hamilton.indd 1 4/5/12 18:03:16

America needs bold ideas and new ways of thinking to re-imagine

and rebuild our national infrastructure. To support economic growth, regain national competitiveness,

and ensure our quality of life, we need decisive, collaborative action. Booz Allen Hamilton is uniting

stakeholders and enabling next generation solutions that leverage new business models, innovative

technology, and funding—in scalable, sustainable ways. Join the conversation to re-imagine and

transform America’s infrastructure.

www.boozallen.com/infrastructure

S T R A T E G Y & O R G A N I Z A T I O N | T E C H N O L O G Y | E N G I N E E R I N G & O P E R A T I O N S | A N A L Y T I C S

Ready for what’s next. Ready for what’s next. Ready for what’s next.Ready for what’s next.

Revitalizing quality of life for citizens.

Reclaiming national competitiveness.

Re-imagining America’s infrastructure.

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contents

Health

130 Shared values, shared responsibility: G8 and Africa’s response to AIDS Michel Sidibé, executive director, UNAIDS

135 Investing in nutrition security is key to sustainable development Anthony Lake, executive director, UNICEF

142 The ‘O Generation’: tackling the childhood obesity epidemic Mirta Roses-Periago, director, Pan American Health Organization

147 Strengthening maternal, newborn and child health: the next steps Julio Frenk, chair, The Partnership for Maternal, Newborn & Child Health; dean, Harvard School of Public Health

154 More than money: the business contribution to global health Jeffrey L Sturchio, senior partner, Rabin Martin

158 Bolstering brain health makes perfect sense Vladimir Hachinski, president, World Federation of Neurology; chair, Working Group, World Brain Alliance

Energy Security and Climate Change Control

162 Rio offers the chance to look at things differently Dilma Rousseff, president, Brazil

166 Enhancing energy security: lessons from Germany and Japan Miranda Schreurs, member, German Environment Advisory Council (SRU)

170 Why nuclear energy still has a crucial role to play Victoria V Panova, Department of International Relations and Foreign Policy of Russia, MGIMO-University

174 North America as a global oil and gas power Robert Johnston and Nitzan Goldberger, Eurasia Group

178 Energy security is of crucial importance for the G8 Maria van der Hoeven, executive director, International Energy Agency

182 The G8 and great hopes for sustainable energy Dries Lesage, Ghent Institute for International Studies, Ghent University

186 A chance to open up a new front on health, food and climate protection Achim Steiner, United Nations under-secretary general; executive director, United Nations Environment Programme

Peace and Security

192 Ensuring security in the Middle East, northeast Asia and worldwide Lee Dong-hwi, Korean National Diplomatic Academy, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade, Republic of Korea

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contents

194 Building the new Arab world Hisham El Sherif, IT Ventures

197 After the Arab Spring: will leaders lead leaders? Lindsay Lloyd, Freedom Collection, George W Bush Presidential Center, and Christopher Sands, Senior Fellow, Hudson Institute

200 Reaching nuclear global zero: a Japanese view on the G8’s role Matake Kamiya, National Defence Academy of Japan

204 Finding a middle way to curb Iran’s nuclear ambitions Graham Allison, director, Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, Harvard University’s John F Kennedy School of Government

206 Working to prevent nuclear proliferation in the Gulf David Shorr, The Stanley Foundation

208 Helping Afghanistan to make the transition to peace Omar Samad, senior Afghanistan expert, United States Institute of Peace; former ambassador of Afghanistan to France and Canada

210 G8 action against terrorism and transnational organised crime Amandine Scherrer, OPIAS Consulting

Accountability, Innovation and Effectiveness

214 The Camp David Summit offers a special opportunity Nicholas Bayne, International Relations Department, London School of Economics

216 African accountability on food and development Archbishop Njongonkulu Ndungane, president and founder of African Monitor

218 Do G8 summits make a real difference? Marina Larionova, National Research University Higher School of Economics, and Ella Kokotsis, G8 Research Group

220 The open spiral: the ongoing moral commitments of faith leaders The Reverend Doctor Karen Hamilton, general secretary, Canadian Council of Churches, and the Reverend Bud Heckman, executive director, Religions for Peace – USA

222 The G8-BRICS relationship: moving from competitive avoidance to cooperative engagement Andrew F Cooper, University of Waterloo/Balsillie School of International Affairs; distinguished fellow, the Centre for International Governance Innovation (CIGI), Canada

224 Leaders’ profiles

226 Sponsors’ index

12 | G8 Camp david may 2012

Saskatchewan_placed.indd 1 4/5/12 16:32:59

We will be part of the solution

Over the past century, the University of Saskatchewan in

Saskatoon, Canada has led visionary research and innovation

to help grow a province and feed a growing nation. Now with

the proposed global food security institute, we will help

feed a hungry world.

From field to fork

The proposed global food security institute at the U of S will help optimize the food supply system to make the best use of natural resources and deliverthe best nutrition to people round the world—with a focus on wheat, pulses and related prairie crops.

Processing advancementsManaging resources for to improve usecrop and human nutrition

Saskatchewan is a world leader in wheat, pulses and canola production:• Contains 43% of Canada’s arable land• Wheat, canola and pulses account for morethan 80% of Saskatchewan crop exports

• Accounts for 11% of global wheat exports*

Saskatchewan is rich in natural resources such as potash, oiland water.

Saskatchewan agriculture improvements can have major global impact:• Our soil is amongst the most productivein the world. Our soil type, climate andkey crops are common to many countries.Our food institute’s impact could reach 570million people and 170 million tonnes ofcrop worth CAN$34 billion.

* Excludes durum wheat

Steeples of excellenceOur research will complement activitiesof major global partners in a range ofareas along the food chain—from cropdevelopment to policy.• ResourceManagement• Crop Development• Animal health

The U of S outstanding food research hub

Emerging strengths• Policy related to agricultural trade andinnovation

• Bio-processing and use

• Human nutrition

Centres of innovationGlobally recognized:• Canadian Light Source synchrotronat Uof S

• Uof S Vaccine and Infectious DiseaseOrganization-International Vaccine Centre

National leaders with global reach:• Uof S Crop Development Centre• Uof S Global Institute forWater Security• More than 10 Uof S colleges relevant tofood security

Government research leaders:• Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada• NRC of Canada• Saskatchewan Research Council

Regional strength:• Canadian Feed Research Centre• Canada-Saskatchewan IrrigationDiversification Centre

• U of S Feeds Innovation Institute• Western Beef Development Centre• Prairie Swine Centre• Innovation Place (>50 companies)• AgWest Bio Inc.• POS BioSciences pilot plant• Multinational agbio industry firms• Saskatchewan Food Industry DevelopmentCentre Inc.

• Johnson-Shoyama Graduate School ofPublic Policy

platformtechnologies

Water efficiency

Photosynthesis

Nutrient efficiency

water

soilsoilplatform

cropscrops

Animal feed

Food crops

Cash crops

and nutrition

productionproductio distributiodistribution

To markets and consumers

trade atrade ade ade de a ade nnd dtransportrtr

Lentils Canola

40

10

Saskatchewan production % of global production

SaskatchewanRest of world

Potash reserves % of global reserves

www.usask.ca/research