The rise of_islam

The Rise of IslamThe Rise of Islam

Deserts, Towns, and Trade Deserts, Towns, and Trade RoutesRoutes

The Arabian The Arabian PeninsulaPeninsula– A crossroads of A crossroads of

three continents: three continents: Africa, Asia, Africa, Asia, Europe.Europe.

– Mostly desert Mostly desert with a small with a small amount of fertile amount of fertile landland


Desert and Town LifeDesert and Town Life– Bedouins, Arab nomads, thrive in the Bedouins, Arab nomads, thrive in the

desert.desert.– Bedouins live in clans, which give Bedouins live in clans, which give

support to members.support to members.– Some Arabs settle near oases or market Some Arabs settle near oases or market

towns.towns.


Crossroads of Trade and Crossroads of Trade and IdeasIdeas– Many sea and land trade Many sea and land trade

routes pass through Arabia.routes pass through Arabia.– Trade extends to the Trade extends to the

Byzantine and Sassanid Byzantine and Sassanid empires to the north.empires to the north.


MeccaMecca– Pilgrims come to Mecca to worship at Pilgrims come to Mecca to worship at

the Ka’aba, and ancient shrine.the Ka’aba, and ancient shrine.– Arabs associate shrine with Hebrew Arabs associate shrine with Hebrew

prophet Abraham and monotheism.prophet Abraham and monotheism.– Some tribes worship many gods and Some tribes worship many gods and

spirits, and bring idols to Ka’aba.spirits, and bring idols to Ka’aba.– Some Arabs believe in one God—Allah in Some Arabs believe in one God—Allah in

ArabicArabic

The Prophet MuhammadThe Prophet Muhammad

Early LifeEarly Life– Around A.D. 570 Muhammad is born into Around A.D. 570 Muhammad is born into

a powerful Meccan clan.a powerful Meccan clan.– He becomes a trader, and marries a He becomes a trader, and marries a

wealthy businesswoman, Khadijah.wealthy businesswoman, Khadijah.


RevelationsRevelations– By age 40, Muhammad spends much time By age 40, Muhammad spends much time

in prayer and meditationin prayer and meditation– He claims to hear the angel Gabriel tell He claims to hear the angel Gabriel tell

him he is a messenger of Allah.him he is a messenger of Allah.– Muhammad found the religion of Islam—Muhammad found the religion of Islam—

meaning “submission to the will of Allah”meaning “submission to the will of Allah”– Many join him and become Muslim—Many join him and become Muslim—

meaning “one who has submitted.”meaning “one who has submitted.”


The HijrahThe Hijrah– Muhammad’s followers are attacked; Muhammad’s followers are attacked;

together they leave Mecca in 622.together they leave Mecca in 622.– Hijrah was the Muslim migration from Hijrah was the Muslim migration from

Mecca to Yathrib (renamed Medina).Mecca to Yathrib (renamed Medina).


The Hijrah (continued)The Hijrah (continued)– Muhammad attracts many more Muhammad attracts many more

followers and becomes a great leader.followers and becomes a great leader. Political leader—joins Jews and Arabs of Political leader—joins Jews and Arabs of

Medina in a single community.Medina in a single community. Religious leader—draws more converts to Religious leader—draws more converts to

Islam.Islam. Military leader—tackles growing hostilities Military leader—tackles growing hostilities

between Mecca and Medinabetween Mecca and Medina


Returning to MeccaReturning to Mecca– In 630, Muhammad and 10,000 followers In 630, Muhammad and 10,000 followers

return to Meccareturn to Mecca– Meccan leaders surrender.Meccan leaders surrender.– Muhammad destroys idols in the Ka’aba.Muhammad destroys idols in the Ka’aba.– Meccans convert to Islam.Meccans convert to Islam.– Muhammad unifies Arabian Peninsula.Muhammad unifies Arabian Peninsula.

The Beliefs and Practices of The Beliefs and Practices of IslamIslam

IslamIslam– The main teaching of Islam is that there is only The main teaching of Islam is that there is only

one god, Allah.one god, Allah.– People are responsible for their own actions; People are responsible for their own actions;

there is good and evil.there is good and evil.– Islamic monument in Jerusalem—Dome of the Islamic monument in Jerusalem—Dome of the

Rock.Rock. It is the oldest existing Islamic building in the world.It is the oldest existing Islamic building in the world. Muslims believe Muhammad rose to heaven here to Muslims believe Muhammad rose to heaven here to

learn Allah’s will.learn Allah’s will. Jews believe Abraham was prepared to sacrifice son Jews believe Abraham was prepared to sacrifice son

Isaac at that same site.Isaac at that same site.

The Dome of the Rock on the Temple Mount in Jerusalem.

Exterior detail of the Dome of the Rock

Dome of the Rock viewed through the Old City’s “Cotton Gate”.

Panoramic view of Jerusalem with the

Dome of the Rock visible.


The Five Pillars: Muslims must carry out The Five Pillars: Muslims must carry out these five duties.these five duties.– Statement of Faith to Allah and to Muhammad Statement of Faith to Allah and to Muhammad

as his prophet.as his prophet.– Prayer five times a day. Muslims may use the . Muslims may use the

mosque for this (an Islamic house of worship).mosque for this (an Islamic house of worship).– Giving alms, or money for the poor.Giving alms, or money for the poor.– Fasting between dawn and sunset during the Fasting between dawn and sunset during the

holy month of Ramadan.holy month of Ramadan.– Performing the hajj—pilgrimage to Mecca—at Performing the hajj—pilgrimage to Mecca—at

least once in a lifetime.least once in a lifetime.


A Way of LifeA Way of Life– Customs and traditions of Islam guide Customs and traditions of Islam guide

Muslim’s lives.Muslim’s lives.– A scholar class, A scholar class, ulamaulama, are teachers who , are teachers who

apply religion to life. There are no apply religion to life. There are no priests.priests.


Sources of AuthoritySources of Authority– Original source of authority for Muslims is Original source of authority for Muslims is

Allah.Allah.– Qur’an (Koran)—holy book, contains Qur’an (Koran)—holy book, contains

revelations Muhammad claims to have revelations Muhammad claims to have received from Allah.received from Allah.

– Muslims follow Sunna—Muhammad’s Muslims follow Sunna—Muhammad’s example for proper living.example for proper living.

– Guidance of the Qur’an and Sunna are Guidance of the Qur’an and Sunna are assembled in a body of law called assembled in a body of law called shari’ashari’a..

The first verses of the first Sura Al-Fatiha (meaning “The Opener”) from the Qur’an done in beautiful calligraphy and geometric art.

Beautifully decorated Qur’an cover.

Interlinear edition of the Qur’an with a Persian translation underneath.


Links to Judaism and ChristianityLinks to Judaism and Christianity– Muslims believe Allah is the same God Muslims believe Allah is the same God

worshiped by Christians and Jews.worshiped by Christians and Jews.– Muslims believe the Qur’an, Gospels, and Muslims believe the Qur’an, Gospels, and

Torah contain God’s will as revealed through Torah contain God’s will as revealed through others.others.

– Muslims, Christians, and Jews trace their roots Muslims, Christians, and Jews trace their roots to Abraham.to Abraham.

– All three religions believe in heaven, hell, and a All three religions believe in heaven, hell, and a day of judgment..

– Shari’a law requires Muslim leaders to extend Shari’a law requires Muslim leaders to extend religious tolerance.religious tolerance.

AppendixAppendix

Muslim PrayerMuslim Prayer

TakbirTakbir

QiyammQiyamm

RukuRuku

Brief qiyaamBrief qiyaam

SujudSujud

Brief sittingBrief sitting

SujudSujud

TashahhudTashahhud

Peace to the rightPeace to the right

Peace to the leftPeace to the left

The rise of_islam

Education

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