The Rise of the Nazis Setback and Success. OVERVIEW In these lessons, you will examine: Origins of...
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![Page 1: The Rise of the Nazis Setback and Success. OVERVIEW In these lessons, you will examine: Origins of the Nazi party Aspects of Hitler’s ideology Effects.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649e005503460f94ae9286/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The Rise of the The Rise of the NazisNazisSetback and Success
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OVERVIEWOVERVIEW
In these lessons, you will examine:• Origins of the Nazi party• Aspects of Hitler’s ideology• Effects of the Munich Putsch• Factors towards electoral success• Hitler’s immediate consolidation of
power
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Origins
• Originally formed in 1919 as the “German Workers’ Party” – right-wing, populist, nationalist
• Became the NSDAP – “National Socialist German Workers’ Party” under Adolf Hitler’s leadership
• Recruited ex-soldiers, Freikorps members and lower middle class men
• Expanded with an armed guard: SA – “Stürmabteilung” (“Stormtroopers”), a.k.a. “Brownshirts”
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Early Nazi Beliefs
• Abolition of the Treaty of Versailles• Marginalization of communists and
Jews• Racial protection and purification
through anti-immigration• To combine individual interests with
state interests• To create a strong military
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Factors for revolt
During the 1923 inflationary crisis, Hitler and the Nazis saw an opportunity for armed overthrow:
• Had created a coalition with other right-wing nationalist parties
• Had the support of Great War hero, General Ludendorff as well as other elements in the military
• Had the support of the Bavarian state government and General State Commissioner, Gustav von Kahr
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Setback
From Nov 8-9, 1923, Hitler attempted an armed takeover of the Bavarian government known as the Munich “Beer Hall” Putsch:
• Bavarian state officials and the army withdrew their support
• Police opened fire on the Nazis as they marched through the city
• Hitler was arrested and charged for treason; a sympathetic judge sentenced him to 5 years in jail
• Hitler wrote Mein Kampf (“My Struggle”) while in prison and was released in less than nine months
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Re-organization
Under Stresemann, Germany regained international status and recovered economically; support for the Nazis faded but Hitler enacted lessons learned from the Beer Hall Putsch:
• To gain power by working within the current political framework rather than through armed force
• To moderate the party propaganda• To regulate party membership along the
“Führerprinzip” (“leader principle”) – total allegiance to the leader
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New directions
Towards Hitler’s primary goal of taking power, the Nazis…
• Sought out other nationalist parties for support
• Promised to protect the interests of industrialists for their monetary support
• Spent huge sums campaigning in the elections
• Continued expansion of the SA and other Nazi organizations
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The turning pointThe withdrawal of American loans signaled the coming of the Great Depression. Successive chancellors did not have enough support to govern:
• Heinrich Brüning attempted to rule by decree but lost power in elections
• Franz von Papen allowed the Nazis more freedom in the hopes of sharing power with them
• Kurt von Schleicher resigned shortly after becoming Chancellor in 1932 because he could not rule by decree
• Hindenburg called on Hitler to become Chancellor and to form a government in Jan 1933
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Hitler triumphant
Upon taking office, Hitler attempted to consolidate his support:
• The Nazis held another election in Mar 1933 but gained only 44% of the vote
• The Nazis set fire to the Reichstag buildings blamed the communists – the communists were attacked, arrested and then banned
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The end of Weimar
• On March 24, 1933, the Nazi-dominated Reichstag passed the Enabling Act, which allowed the chancellor and cabinet to issues laws with parliamentary approval.
• The Socialist party was then banned.• Hitler combined the offices of president
and chancellor after Hindenburg died in 1934.
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Summary Questions
• In what ways could the Nazi party be described as fascist?
• Why did Hitler and the Nazis attempt an armed overthrow of the Weimar government?
• What did Hitler learn after the Munich Putsch and how did he put it into action?
• Who was involved in Hitler’s rise to power and why did they allow it to happen?
• How did Hitler consolidate his power upon becoming chancellor?