The Rise of Segregation

Chapter 6

Section 5

Exodusters

• African American migrants to Kansas

• Led by Benjamin “Pap” Singleton

• Why did they go?

African Americans and Populists

• Colored Farmers’ National Alliance: 1886

• 1891: Populist party formed, many African-Americans joined

• Democrats threatened “Black Republican” rule

Taking Away the Vote

• 15th Amendment: states cannot deny the vote based on “race, color, or previous condition of servitude”

• 1890: Mississippi introduced $2 poll tax and literacy test

• Other states followed suit

• “Grandfather Clause”

Segregation

• De facto: Northern segregation– People lived in different areas

• De jure: Southern segregation– Enforced by law– Jim Crow laws

Jim Crow

• 1883: Supreme Court overturned Civil Rights Act of 1875-designed to stop segregation

• 14th Amendment only applied to government owned facilities

• Southern states began passing laws that enforced segregation in privately owned places

Plessy v. Ferguson

• 1892: Homer Plessy rode in white only train car and was arrested

• 1896: Supreme Court upheld the law

• Separate but equal principal established

Ida B. Wells

• 1890-1899: average of 187 lynchings per year

• Wells launched a campaign against lynching

• Lynching numbers fell in the 1900s

Mary Church Terrell

• Fought against lynching, racism and sexism

• Helped found National Association of Colored Women, NAACP

Booker T. Washington

• Wanted African-Americans to focus on economic goals, not political ones

• Atlanta Compromise– Postpone fight for civil

rights, focus on education

W.E.B. DuBois

• The Souls of Black Folk: written in response to Atlanta Compromise

• Rejected compromise

• Focused on maintaining and excercising voting rights