The Rise of Russia. Geography Cold Surrounded by water but……no warm water port for trading...
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Transcript of The Rise of Russia. Geography Cold Surrounded by water but……no warm water port for trading...
![Page 1: The Rise of Russia. Geography Cold Surrounded by water but……no warm water port for trading Forest Grasslands.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649c8a5503460f949447c5/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The Rise of Russia
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Geography
• Cold
• Surrounded by water but……no warm water port for trading
• Forest
• Grasslands
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People
• Mix of Slavic tribes and Vikings
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City of Kiev
• 1st major city
• Present day Ukraine
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Vladimir
• Converted Russian people to Christianity
• Linked emperor with religion– Influenced by Byzantine Empire– Common trade routes
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Begin Contact with Byzantine
• Orthodox Christianity
• Cyrillic Alphabet
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Mongols invade
• Between the Crusades and Mongols, Kievan Empire declined
• Kiev destroyed in 1240– Mongols isolated Russians
from Europe
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Ivan III• Russian Prince
• Freed Russians from Mongol rule in 1480
• Crowned himself “Czar”• Proclaimed Russia
would be 3rd Rome
• Moved to Moscow
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Ivan IV (Ivan the Terrible)• 1533
• 1547-1560 –Good Ivan
• 1560 1584 Bad Ivan
• Execution of traitors/enemies of boyers (nobles)
• Secret police
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Ivan the Terrible
Ivan IV takes the throne in 1533- he is 3 years old
His mother rules on his behalf until her death when Ivan is 5
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Ivan the Terrible
Boyars- the landowning nobility in Russia
The boyars fight for control of the young prince and for POWER
- Ivan is terrified
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Ivan the Terrible
• Ivan crowns himself Czar of Russia when he is 16 years old
•He is the first Czar of Russia
Czar = Emperor
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Ivan the Terrible
“The Good Period” 1547 to 1560
Ivan conquers land in an effort to boost the economy- wants to have sea routes to Russia- goes to war with Sweden and Poland
Ivan later loses his new territories
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Ivan the Terrible
“Ivan the Terrible”Ivan turns against Russia
Oprichniki- Ivan’s secret police
-dressed in all black and rode black horses
- murdered anyone Ivan suspected of being a traitor (mostly boyars)
Murdered a possible 5,000 or more subjects
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Ivan the Terrible
Ivan’s most terrible act
Ivan murders his only viable heir in a fit of rage in 1581
Leads to a later period, the Time of Troubles, when boyars fought and there was no powerful czar to control them
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Absolute Rulers of Russia
From Ivan IV to
Ivan the Terrible
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Was Ivan terrible?
• In 1581, Ivan beat his pregnant daughter-in-law for wearing immodest clothing, which may have caused a miscarriage. His son, also named Ivan , upon learning of this, engaged in a heated argument with his father, which resulted in Ivan striking his son in the head with his pointed staff, causing his son's (accidental) death.
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• Killed son
• Accused of poisoning wife
• Younger son took thrown at death and died without an heir
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Romanov Dynasty
• After years of quarrel, boyars chose next leader, Michael Romanov beginning Romanov dynasty
• Restored power to government
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Isolation• Mongol Rule and religious
differences had kept Russia from interaction with Europe. (missed Renaissance and Age of Exploration)
• No Seaport for trade• Russians looked to Constantinople
for guidance, not Rome
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Peter the Great- Absolute Monarch
• 6’6• Prior to becoming czar at
24, Peter went and studied in the “west” as a commoner
• Decided it was best to westernize Russia
• Russia needed warm water port to trade
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Westernization by Peter• Reduced power of great
landowners• Introduced potatoes• Western clothes and fashions
– Beard Tax
Advanced schools (stressed education)
• Increased women status• Newspaper• Fought Sweden for warm
water port
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St. Petersburg• Peter’s “window to the west”• New capital of Russia