THE RISE OF RUSSIASAKI, RIONA, NAO AND YURA

INTRODUCTION• End of Mongol Rule• Ivan the Great• Ivan the Terrible• Time of Trouble• Romanov Dynasty• Peter the Great• Catherine the Great

END OF MONGOL RULE IN 1634

END OF MONGOL RULE• On paper, the end of Mongol rule Is in 1368. • Ivan stopped paying taxes in 1480, effectively ending Mongol presence in

Russia. • A far less powerful successor entity, Northern Yuan Dynasty, rules parts of

Mongolia until 1634.

WHY DID IT LOSE POWER?1. Loss of unity2. Death of Kublai Khan

in 12943. Corrupt government

and administrative incompetence

IVAN III: “IVAN THE GREAT”• The Grand Prince of Moscow

• He achieves in making Moscow the center of Russian power.

• He tripled the territory of his state through conquest or purchases of surrounding sovereign territories.

• The laws of Moscow were written down in one geographical place in 1497.

1400 - 1505

IVAN IV: “IVAN THE TERRIBLE”

 He even “looks” scary….

1533 - 1584

The Great Prince of Moscow

TORTURE AND EXECUTION

Ivan sentenced thousands to internal exile. Others were killed using inhumane ways.

Boyars: nobles

EXPANSION OF THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE

TIME OF TROUBLESPeasant revolts, foreign invasion, and fights over succession devastated the Russian Empire.

• Nobles became more involved with the leader’s services.

• Townspeople lost the influence they had on the government.

• Peasants were enslaved and lost freedom.

1598 - 1613

CHANGES IN RUSSIAN SOCIETY

RUSSIAN ORTHODOX CHURCH• Russian Orthodoxy is

entirely separate branch of Christianity.

• It shaped the development of Russian culture.

• The Church is autonomous and self-governing.

• The Church’s decisions were infallible.

ROMANOV DYNASTY COMES TO POWER

• In 1613, Michael Romanov is finally named as czar.

• Romanov Dynasty was founded in 1613 and lasted until the Russian Revolution of 1917.

PETER I: “PETER THE GREAT”• Ruled as Russian tsar from

1682 – 1725.

• He westernized Russia and conducted multiple political, economical and social reforms.

• Peter discovered that the Russian knowledge of the outside world was limited.

• He traveled to England and Netherlands to acquire new skills.

1682 - 1725

CLOTHING REFORM

Peter forced the Russians to adopt the ways of western Europe by enforcing the Western style dress on his boyars (the nobles) and required them to cut it off their Mongol style beards

ST. PETERSBURG – “WINDOWS TO THE WEST”

GOVERNMENT SERVICES1. Borrowed ideas from France.

• Central bureaucracy

• Local governments (under Peter’s control)

• Eastern Orthodox Church (under Peter’s control)

2. Dvorianie: a new class of nobles who were allowed to own hereditary lands in return for supporting the government.

ECONOMIC REFORMS1. Peter developed a major iron industry.

2. Changed tax laws to increase government income and efficiency.

WAS PETER’S REFORMS EFFECTIVE?• His reforms have strengthened Russia’s role in foreign

affairs. • BUT dangerous splits had formed between those who

valued traditional values and those who embraced new western ways.

• His rule was very undemocratic –link to authoritarian political trends?

COSSACKS• Free men or adventurers

of various ethnicities who escaped from peasantry.

• Possessed extreme military skills

• Expanded the Russian Empire and protected its frontier, bringing Siberia under Russian control.

RISE OF RUSSIA

CATHERINE II: CATHERINE THE GREAT

• A female leader of Russia reigning from 1762 – 1796.

• She achieved in expanding the Russian Empire:

• Katherine released nobles from the government service.

1729 - 1796

1. Secured warm-water port on the Black Sea2. Defeated the Ottoman Turks3. Acquired territory from Poland

Спасибо!! for listening.

BIBLIOGRAPHYProminent Russians: Ivan III the Great, Russiapedia. 2011. Retrieved on November 25 th, 2012 fromhttp://russiapedia.rt.com/prominent-russians/the-ryurikovich-dynasty/ivan-iii-the-great/Ivan the Terrible, Royal Family. April 2003. Retrieved on November 25th, 2012 from http://www.tristarmedia.com/bestofrussia/ivan.htmlOf Russian origin: Cossacks, Russiapedia. 2011. Retrieved on November 25th, 2012 from http://russiapedia.rt.com/of-russian-origin/cossacks/The Cossacks, History Magazine. Novermber 2011. Retrieved on November 26th, 2012 fromhttp://www.history-magazine.com/cossacks.htmlRomanov Dynasty, Britannica. 2012. Retrieved on November 26th, 2012 fromhttp://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/508643/Romanov-DynastyEastern Orthodox Church, BBC. 2012. Retrieved on November 26th, 2012 fromhttp://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/christianity/subdivisions/easternorthodox_1.shtmlPeter the Great Biography, Biography.com. NA. Retrieved on November 26th, 2012 fromhttp://www.biography.com/people/peter-the-great-9542228Serfdom, Britannica. 2012. Retrieved on November 26th, 2012 from http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/535485/serfdom 

DISCUSSION QUESTIONS1. If you were a Russian citizen, would you

have supported Westernization? Do you think it was beneficial for Russia to adopt western ways?

2. What do you think Russia would’ve been like today if the Westernization Campaign didn’t happen?