THE RISE OF NATIONALISM AND THE AGE OF IMPERIALSIM.
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Transcript of THE RISE OF NATIONALISM AND THE AGE OF IMPERIALSIM.
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THE RISE OF NATIONALISM AND THE AGE OF IMPERIALSIM
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• Nationalism - feelings of pride for your country or a desire for independence
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• Imperialism - complete political, economic, and social domination of one country by another.
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• Nationalism gains importance in Central and Eastern Europe.
1. Helped create unified countries. 2. Threatened to break up large empires
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THE UNIFICATION OF GERMANY
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• At the Congress of Vienna, the German Confederation was created.•It was a loose union of small states.
•Nationalists upset, want unified Germany.
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Obstacles to German Unification:
1. Austria was opposed to unification. •It dominates German Confederation so afraid lose influence if Germany unifies
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2. European countries afraid of German competition.
•France
•Russia
•Austria
•Great Britain
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•Especially afraid of:•Military Power
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•Economic Power
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3. The small states were afraid a unified Germany would be dominated by Prussia.
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4. The Catholic states in south afraid of being ruled by Protestant Prussia.
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•Prussia leads unification because:
1. Absolute rulers made it a strong country with a large army.
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2. Industrial Revolution adds to Prussia’s strength.
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3. Believed in Militarism - glorification of military and readiness for war.
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4. Ended serfdom and created an education system.
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•Otto von Bismarck was appointed by William I to be Prime Minister.
•Both wanted to unite Germany under Prussian control.
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•Prussia’s first step towards unification was to weaken Austria in the German Confederation.
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•Bismarck wanted a war but first had to keep other countries out, so no balance of power threat.
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• France - he promised to give them some territory.
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• Russia - forced out because Prussia helped stop a Polish uprising in 1863.
Poland
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• Italy - joined the war against Austria because Prussia promised them Venetia.
Venetia
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The Austro-Prussian War of 1866
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•Prussia wins easily because: 1. Militarism created a disciplined army with excellent leaders.
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2. Used railroads to quickly move military.
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3. Created new rapid fire weapons like the Needle Gun during it’s Industrial Revolution.
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• The peace treaty stated that:1. Austria forced out of German Confederation - it then dissolved. 2. Prussia annexed many small German states and then created the North German Confederation. 3. Austria gave Italy Venetia.
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• After the Austro-Prussian War only the Catholic German states in the south remained outside Prussian control.
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•Southern German states were:
1. Suspicious of Prussia’s growing power.
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2. Wanted to keep their independence.
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3. Did not want to be dominated by Prussia - a Protestant country.
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4. Also feared being controlled by France.
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•Bismarck used fear to convince Southern German States into forming a military alliance.
•Bismarck wanted war with France so the military alliance would then become political unification.
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john
PRUSSIA
•France also wanted war against Prussia:
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1. Lost many foreign wars - wanted to win again.
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2. France’s leader Napoleon III had many domestic problems.• Hoped a successful war could save his failing empire.
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3. France afraid of Prussia’s growing power.
•Want defeat Prussia before too powerful.
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FRANCO-PRUSSIAN WAR
•Prussia’s excellent army defeated France in only six weeks.
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•Napoleon III is captured and taken prisoner.
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PRUSSIA
•In the peace treaty, France was forced to give Prussia the territories of Alsace and Lorraine.
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•The Southern German states join Prussia and create the German Empire.
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•William I is crowned Kaiser - emperor of the German Empire.
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AGE OF IMPERIALISM
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•European’s rapidly create colonies in:
1. Africa
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2. Asia
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•Different forms of Imperialism:
1. Colony - a territory ruled directly by an imperial power.
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2. Protectorate - has its own government but its policies are guided by a foreign power.
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3. Sphere of Influence - region of a country where an imperial power had exclusive trading rights.
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•Reasons for imperialism:
1. Nationalism - gain prestige and power for country by creating large empires.
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2. Political Rivalries - claim a territory before another country.
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3. Economic demands of the Industrial Revolution.
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•Acquire raw materials cheaply for their factories back at home.
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•Claim new markets to sell their finished products.
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4. Humanitarian and Religious Concerns.
•Felt it was their duty to save the savage natives souls.
•Missionaries wanted to convert natives to Christianity.
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5. Land for increasing populations to move and make a new home.
France
Algeria
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6. Social Darwinism - many believed it was natural for strong nations to dominate weaker nations.
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•Many colonial claims overlapped. •Europe almost went to war over Africa in the late 1800s.
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•The Conference of Berlin:•Organized by Bismarck of Germany.•Europeans Partition - divide Africa into colonies, ending disagreements.
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•Countries at the Conference of Berlin:
Great Britain
France
Spain
Belgium
Italy
Portugal
Germany
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•In Africa, only two countries allowed to remain independent:
Ethiopia Liberia
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•In Asia, only Thailand (Siam) was not colonized by Europeans.
Thailand (Siam)
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•Two reasons why:
1. Industrialized quickly using European methods.
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2. Convince Britain & France be neutral “buffer zone” between empires
BRITAIN
FRANCE
THAILAND (SIAM)