The Rise of The Rise of Julius CaesarJulius Caesar44-100 BC44-100 BC

•For centuries, Rome was a monarchy, but in For centuries, Rome was a monarchy, but in 509 BC, the Brutus family overthrew the 509 BC, the Brutus family overthrew the dictator and established a dictator and established a republicrepublic..

• In a republic power is held In a republic power is held by the people by the people whowho elect representatives and has an elected elect representatives and has an elected or nominated leader.or nominated leader.

• The people were divided into 3 different The people were divided into 3 different classes.classes.

• PatriciansPatricians – the wealthy people of Rome, – the wealthy people of Rome, allowed allowed to voteto vote

• PlebiansPlebians – the tradesmen and craftsmen, not – the tradesmen and craftsmen, not wealthy, more middle class, allowed to votewealthy, more middle class, allowed to vote

• SlavesSlaves – had no money, no rights, no freedom, – had no money, no rights, no freedom, they they were not considered citizens of Rome and were not considered citizens of Rome and were were often prisoners of war, they were often prisoners of war, they were not allowed not allowed to voteto vote

MagistratesMagistrates: It was their job to keep the law and order : It was their job to keep the law and order in Rome. They also managed financial affairs.in Rome. They also managed financial affairs.

TribunesTribunes: Their job was to make sure the people were : Their job was to make sure the people were treated fairly. (Marullus and Flavius)treated fairly. (Marullus and Flavius)

SenatorsSenators: These important Romans gave advice to the : These important Romans gave advice to the consuls and to the Emperor. (Cassius and Brutus)consuls and to the Emperor. (Cassius and Brutus)

ConsulsConsuls: the citizens of Rome could vote for 2 consuls. : the citizens of Rome could vote for 2 consuls. Their job was to govern Rome. They only served Their job was to govern Rome. They only served

for for one year.one year.

Julius Caesar was born in 100 BC to a patrician Julius Caesar was born in 100 BC to a patrician family.family.

His father died when Julius was 15.His father died when Julius was 15.

His father was not very political, however, his His father was not very political, however, his uncle, Marius, was involved in a struggle for uncle, Marius, was involved in a struggle for power with his rival, Sulla. power with his rival, Sulla.

Sulla executed or exiled many of his enemies and Sulla executed or exiled many of his enemies and their families.their families.

Julius Caesar was marked for death and fled Julius Caesar was marked for death and fled Rome.Rome.

After Sulla pardoned Caesar, he joined the army and After Sulla pardoned Caesar, he joined the army and became a renowned soldier.became a renowned soldier.

Caesar returned to Rome and by 60 BC he became Caesar returned to Rome and by 60 BC he became part of a Triumverate (rule by 3 men)part of a Triumverate (rule by 3 men)

ruling Rome.ruling Rome.

He ruled with Crassus and Pompey.He ruled with Crassus and Pompey.

In 58 BC, Caesar was made governor of In 58 BC, Caesar was made governor of Gaul (France) and over the next 10 yearsGaul (France) and over the next 10 years conquered all of Gaul.conquered all of Gaul.

Caesar the Soldier

Crassus, one of the Triumvirate, was killed in battle.Crassus, one of the Triumvirate, was killed in battle.

Pompey was jealous over Caesar’s popularity and his conquest Pompey was jealous over Caesar’s popularity and his conquest of Gaul.of Gaul.

Pompey arranged to have Caesar ordered to return to Rome by Pompey arranged to have Caesar ordered to return to Rome by the Senate.the Senate.

Caesar returned – with his army – beginning a a civil war and Caesar returned – with his army – beginning a a civil war and ending with his defeat of Pompey. Caesar declaredending with his defeat of Pompey. Caesar declared

himself the absolute ruler of Rome.himself the absolute ruler of Rome.

Pompey fled to Egypt and was later murdered by the Pompey fled to Egypt and was later murdered by the Egyptians to gain favor with Caesar. Egyptians to gain favor with Caesar.

PompeyPompey