The Rise of Islam

Unit 3

Chapter 10

GPS Standard

SSWH5 The student will trace the origins and

expansion of the Islamic World between 600 AD and 1300.

Explain the origins of Islam and the growth of the Islamic Empire. Identify the Muslim trade routes to India, China, Europe and Africa and

assess the economic impact of this trade.

Deserts & Trade Routes

Arabian Peninsula is a crossroad between Africa, Europe, and Asia

Early 600’s, Arabia connected to major ocean and land trade routesBetween Byzantine (North), Persian (NW), India (E), China (E), and Africa (S)

Silk Road: land & sea routes that led to China

Importance of trade routes to Arabian Peninsula

Economic Impact new & different goods to area information & ideas from different areas Money and gold being traded

Access to land and sea expanded trade and ideas

Mecca

570: Muhammad born in Mecca

City in western Saudi Arabia

caravans stop to worship an ancient shrine called Ka’aba

Ka’aba: most sacred site in Islam Originally a house of worship for Abraham and

other religionsAbraham: Hebrew prophet

Muhammad

Works in caravan trade as a young man Takes great interest in religion and spends time

alone in prayer and meditation

Age 40: hears a voice call to him while he meditates in a cave outside Mecca Muslims believe that it was the voice of the angel

Gabriel Gabriel calls Muhammad to be his prophet

Muhammad 613: Muhammad’s preaching in Mecca meets

hostility

Preaching against Arab gods Mecca fears trade loss by making the Ka’aba

only honor Allah

622: Muhammad forced from Mecca 630: Muhammad and the Muslims return to Mecca

Muhammad starts to unify Arabs with Islam

Islam

Qur’an (Koran): holy book of Muslims Written in Arabic

Becomes the language of worshipers and scholars

Must expand and spread the faith Leads to conflict with other societies and

cultures

Creation of an Arab Empire

Muhammad did not leave a new leader on his death

Islamic communities needed strong leader Caliph: successor

1st 4 caliphs followed Muhammad’s example “Rightly Guided Caliphs”

Rightly Guided Caliphs

Want to protect & spread Islam

Arab armies weaken Byzantine & Persian Empires By mid-600’s, armies had acquired

Palestine, Syria, Iraq, Persia & Egypt

The Umayyad's

After last of “Rightly Guided Caliphs” Umayyad's take over Islamic empire

Move Muslim capital from Mecca to Damascus Easier to take over more territory

Start of split in Muslim world

Split in Islam

Most Muslims agree with Umayyad rule Small faction of Muslims begin to resist

Resistant Muslims believe the caliph should be a descendant of Muhammad Shi’a (Shiites): Iran

Muslims who accept Umayyad rule Sunni- Best for leadership to lead in the way

of Muhammad.

Seljuk Turks Nomadic people from Central Asia Convert to Islam from Persia

Begin to dominate region from Syria and Turkey

(video) Turks begin to threaten Byzantine Empire

Take control of Jerusalem

Byzantine Empire turns to Western Europe for help to resist Muslims

Ibn Sina

Ibn Sina

Muslim scholar

Develops medicine as field of scientific study

Writes medical encyclopedia

Ibn Battuta

Traveled most of the known world and all of the Muslim world

Wrote a book about his travel (video)

Background of Crusades

Seljuk Turks were pressing into Byzantine lands 1065: Turks seize Jerusalem

Murder Christians and Jews Byzantines cannot stop them

Jerusalem is holy to all three religions

1093: Byzantine Emperor asks the Pope for help Pope Urban II calls for a holy war

1st Crusade

People Join Crusades

Pope promises salvation into heaven if fighter dies freeing Holy Land from non-Christians

Adventure & possibility of wealth

Land for the poor

Crusades

European rulers free Jerusalem for a brief time Rise of many religious orders to fight the

Muslims (video)

By the fourth crusade excitement wains

Later crusades involve loss of children, sack of Constantinople, and Reconquista of Spain

Inquisition: Ferdinand and Isabella force all Muslims and Jews to convert to Catholic

Effects of the Crusades

Pope loses power Why didn’t the Christian win? People question their faith

Thousands never returned Kings took over the land and became more powerful Nobles power decreased

Trade increased Religious intolerance

Jews, Christians, and Muslims are mortal enemies Racism, bigotry, intolerance

Richard the Lionheart video

Religious relations after the Crusade

Christians v. Muslims: Mad about Jerusalem, cannot understand how they

lost, hatred v. Jews:

Mad about Jerusalem, force Jews to convert, see Jews as making money off the conflict

Muslims v. Jews: Muslims have to expel them from the Holy land

Jews: no homeland, hated in Europe

EA 2/2

How did conflict among Muslims result in divergent views of their faith?