The Revolution Begins
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Transcript of The Revolution Begins
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The Revolution Begins
Violence and the Rights of Man
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Meeting of the Estates
General• May 4, 1789• Over 1,200 elected deputies met at
Versailles• Third Estate members were angered
– Ordered to vote in three separate chambers (rooms)
– Dressed in black cloaks to mark their inferior status
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The National Assembly
• First Estate votes to join the National Assembly
• By June 27, Louis orders remaining delegates to join the National Assembly
• However, in early July, he also ordered 20,000 to nearby Paris and fired his only non-noble advisor – Jaques Necker.
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The Tennis Court Oath
• May 17– Members of the 3rd Est. refused to meet separately,
and a few members of the other estates joined them.– They took the name National Assembly, claiming
they represented the “general will” of the nation (France).
– May 20th: After being locked out, the members of the National Assembly moved to a nearby tennis court and pledged their loyalty to unity, the pursuit of a constitution, and “the true principles of the monarchy.”
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Trouble in Paris
• Bread prices rose from 8 to 14 sous (currency) per four-pound loaf
• Suspicions and rumors spread that the noble landowners were trying to starve the people into submission by withholding grain.
• The “common people” of Paris began to raid gunsmiths and other stores for weapons, but gunpowder was in short supply.
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The Bastille
• To obtain gunpowder and more arms the Parisians attacked the Bastille – a prison fortress that was also a symbol of royal tyranny.
• The governor of the fortress – Marquis de Launay – further enraged the people when he ordered prison guards to fire on the invaders killing about one hundred of them and injuring another seventy.
• Launay surrendered when some soldiers joined with the crowd and turned the cannon on the prison.
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Results of Victory at the Bastille
• Saved the National Assembly• Provided arms and gunpowder to a new
Militia commanded by the French hero of the American Revolution the Marquis de Lafayette.
• The withdrawal of royal troops from Paris and the recall of Necker
• The invention of the French flag• The beginning of a pattern of violence
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Violence at the Bastille
• Marquis de Launay and six of his troops had been killed after losing the fortress.
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More Violence• July 22nd
• The Royal Governor, Louis Bertier de Sauvigny, who allegedly told poor people in France to eat straw, is captured trying to escape Paris.
• He and his father-in-law were both decapitated and had their mouths stuffed with straw.
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Violence in the Countryside
• As in Paris, the countryside was a place of open rebellion with noble rule being replaced by popular militias and councils.
• The common people refused to pay their feudal dues to nobles and the church
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The National Assembly Responds
• The National Assembly passed laws (known as August decrees) abolishing feudal dues – taxes paid to nobles.
• On August 27, the National Assembly also approved the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen which guaranteed rights of free speech, association, religion and opinion.
• The age of feudalism was over.