The Return The Return of the Old of the Old

SouthSouth1)1)Reconstruction Reconstruction

AmendmentsAmendments

2)2)Southern ReactionSouthern Reaction

The The Reconstruction Reconstruction AmendmentsAmendments

•1313thth Amendment - 1865 Amendment - 1865•1414thth Amendment - 1868 Amendment - 1868•1515thth Amendment - 1870 Amendment - 1870

1313thth AmendmentAmendment - - 18651865

•The Abolition of The Abolition of slaveryslavery–It ends slavery in It ends slavery in the United Statesthe United States

14th Amendment - 14th Amendment - 18681868

• Rights of CitizensRights of Citizens– Grants equal rights, protection Grants equal rights, protection

and citizenship to all people born and citizenship to all people born within the United States.within the United States.

– No rights of any citizen can be No rights of any citizen can be taken away by the government taken away by the government without without due processdue process of the law of the law

*For freedmen, this gives them *For freedmen, this gives them the same rights and privileges as the same rights and privileges as whiteswhites

15th Amendment - 15th Amendment - 18701870

Grants the right to vote to African Grants the right to vote to African American American menmen over 21. over 21.

……yeah that’s right MEN. not yeah that’s right MEN. not women they can’t vote yet… women they can’t vote yet…

……and frankly they never should and frankly they never should have… have…

……just kidding…just kidding…

How the South How the South tried to stop the tried to stop the

blacks from blacks from keeping these keeping these

rightsrights

Poll TaxPoll TaxA law that required all A law that required all citizens of a southern state citizens of a southern state pay a tax before they could pay a tax before they could vote.vote.

Most African Americans could Most African Americans could not afford to pay the tax and not afford to pay the tax and therefore were not allowed therefore were not allowed to vote.to vote.

SharecroppingSharecropping •A system in which a landowner A system in which a landowner

would rent a plot of land to a would rent a plot of land to a freedmen. In return the freedmen freedmen. In return the freedmen would receive a portion of the would receive a portion of the crops produced. crops produced.

•Often the crops given to the Often the crops given to the freedmen would be useless and freedmen would be useless and the freedmen would never make the freedmen would never make money because they owed rent!!!money because they owed rent!!!

Literacy TestLiteracy Test•Laws passed by Laws passed by Southern states which Southern states which required all citizens to required all citizens to read a passage from the read a passage from the Constitution before they Constitution before they could be allowed to vote.could be allowed to vote.

The Ku Klux KlanThe Ku Klux KlanA group of southerners A group of southerners who would attack who would attack freedmen. They would freedmen. They would burn their homes, burn their homes, beat or murder them.beat or murder them.

Grandfather Grandfather ClauseClause

•A law made that allowed A law made that allowed citizens to vote without citizens to vote without passing the Literacy test if passing the Literacy test if their grandfathers could their grandfathers could vote before Jan. 1867.vote before Jan. 1867.

•……guess which people could guess which people could not pass this requirement…..not pass this requirement…..

Jim Crow LawsJim Crow Laws•Laws passed by southern states Laws passed by southern states

that that segregatedsegregated or separated or separated blacks and whites in society. blacks and whites in society.

•Blacks could not go to the same Blacks could not go to the same schools , eat at the same schools , eat at the same restaurants as whites or even restaurants as whites or even use the same bathroom as use the same bathroom as whites.whites.

The Supreme Court rules on The Supreme Court rules on the Jim Crow Lawsthe Jim Crow Laws

1896:1896: Supreme Court case, Supreme Court case, Plessy vs. Plessy vs. FergusonFerguson. .

-- African Americans claim Jim Crow laws -- African Americans claim Jim Crow laws are unconstitutional (14are unconstitutional (14thth Amendment) Amendment)

-- Supreme Court rules:-- Supreme Court rules:

-- segregation IS CONSTITUTIONAL-- segregation IS CONSTITUTIONAL

-- -- “Separate but equal”“Separate but equal”

-- -- Impact: segregation in the south Impact: segregation in the south continues for atleast the next 60 years!continues for atleast the next 60 years!

Plessy vs. FergusonPlessy vs. Ferguson

• Upholds racial segregation (Jim Crow Upholds racial segregation (Jim Crow laws)laws)

• ““Separate but Equal”Separate but Equal”

Homer Homer PlessyPlessy

THE SEGREGATED SOUTHTHE SEGREGATED SOUTH

1896 – 19641896 – 1964A history of LEGAL segregation A history of LEGAL segregation

in southern societyin southern society

Memphis LawNo Whites on

Tuesday. Blacks can only visit

Zoo on Tuesday

White SchoolWhite School Black SchoolBlack School

White SchoolWhite School Black School

Segregation in 2010?Segregation in 2010?• Legal segregation (de jure segregation) Legal segregation (de jure segregation)

is unconstitutional is unconstitutional BUTBUT segregation by segregation by fact (de facto) is still ramped! fact (de facto) is still ramped!

• Example:Example:• Town 1: 93 % White, 3% BlackTown 1: 93 % White, 3% Black• Town 2: 70% Black, 1% WhiteTown 2: 70% Black, 1% White• Town 3: 82% White, 6% BlackTown 3: 82% White, 6% Black• Town 4: 99% White, 1% BlackTown 4: 99% White, 1% Black

Babylon Village

Wyandanch

West Babylon

Cold Spring Harbor