The Restoration part 1. 4º ESO . IES Santa Catalina 2014 15

IES SANTA CATALINABURGO DE OSMA- SORIA

4º ESO. HISTORYTeacher: Nicanor Otín Nebreda

The Restoration 1.874-1.902

ALFONSO XII REIGN (1875-1885)

Mª CRISTINA OF HABSBURG´S REGENCY (1885-1902)

• DOUBLE PROCESS:

- POLITICAL (Cánovas) and MILITARY (General Martínez Campos)

• SUPPORTED BY CONSERVATIVE FORCES

• TWO PILARS

– CONSTITUTION OF 1876

– PACIFIC ALTERNATION MANIPULATING THE ELECTIONS(LIBERAL AND CONSERVATIVE PARTIES )


Antonio Cánovas del Castillo (1828-1897)

CONVINCED ISABEL II TO ABDICATE IN

FAVOUR OF HER SON ALFONSO

HE LED THE CONSERVATIVE

PARTY


Arsenio martínez Campos (1831-1900)

A MILITARY “PRONUNCIAMIENTO”

BY GENERAL MARTÍNEZ CAMPOS,

PROCLAIMED ALFONSO KING OF

SPAIN



ALFONSO XII REIGN (1875-1885)SANDHURST MANIFESTO

CONSTITUTIONAL GOVERNMENT

CATHOLIC MONARCHY

SOCIAL ORDER

Elementos del Sistema político de la Restauración (1875 – 1902)

MonarquíaMonarquía Constitución 1876Constitución 1876

Turno pacífico de los partidos dinásticosTurno pacífico de los partidos dinásticos

Conservador (Cánovas) Liberal (Sagasta)Turno pacíficoPacto del Pardo

Fraude electoralencasillado, caciquismo, pucherazo,...

Alfonso XIIRegente Mª Cristina

Fuera del sistema

CarlistasRepublicanos Obrerismo Nacionalismo



CÁNOVAS’ OBJECTIVES Avoid past mistakes:

•Preference for “the moderates” by the queen Isabel II, who obliged the rest of the parties to conspire and prepare pronunciamientos to take the power•Constant intervention of the military in politics•Continuous changes of laws with every new government•Permanent instability: civil carlist wars and periodic riots

His achievement was a stable political system, based on:

•Constitution of 1876•Pacific alternation between Conservative Party and Liberal Party•Exclusion of the army from politics•End of the Carlist War and the Ten Years´ War in Cuba

CÁNOVAS’ OBJECTIVES Avoid past mistakes:

•Preference for “the moderates” by the queen Isabel II, who obliged the rest of the parties to conspire and prepare pronunciamientos to take the power•Constant intervention of the military in politics•Continuous changes of laws with every new government•Permanent instability: civil carlist wars and periodic riots

His achievement was a stable political system, based on:

•Constitution of 1876•Pacific alternation between Conservative Party and Liberal Party•Exclusion of the army from politics•End of the Carlist War and the Ten Years´ War in Cuba

Antonio Cánovas del Castillo Práxedes Mateo Sagasta


Práxedes Mateo Sagasta (1825-1903)

THE LIBERAL PARTY WAS LED BY

SAGASTA


FRAUDE PUCHERAZO

CACIQUISMO ENCASILLADO

COACCIÓN

LA FARSA ELECTORAL

THE ELECTORAL FARCE

El rey nombra nuevo Presidente, previo pacto con los dos líderes por crisis o agotamiento.

El nuevo Presidente organiza las elecciones para ganarlas.

Los gobernadores civiles y los caciques, hacen “el trabajo” en cada ciudad y pueblo, para que el partido que gobierna, obtenga mayoría en las Cortes.


When there was a political crisis, the king called the leader of the opposition party and gave him the decree to dissolve the Cortes. Then, the prime minister of the new government called elections to get enough number of deputies to have majority in the Cortes.

THE ELECTORAL FARCE


ENCASILLADO

The minister of the Gobernación “prepared” the elections. He decided which candidates had to be elected in every district.

He sent orders to the governors of every province, so that the adequate candidates were chosen.

The governors communicated these orders to the caciques, who were responsible for carrying out the process. There were also some seats reserved for the opposition candidates.

ENCASILLADO

The minister of the Gobernación “prepared” the elections. He decided which candidates had to be elected in every district.

He sent orders to the governors of every province, so that the adequate candidates were chosen.

The governors communicated these orders to the caciques, who were responsible for carrying out the process. There were also some seats reserved for the opposition candidates.


EL PUCHERAZO

ELECTIONS WERE MANIPULATED, USING:

Pressure over the tenantsVotes´ purchase “Resurrection” of the deadsManipullation of the Ballot boxes

EL PUCHERAZO

ELECTIONS WERE MANIPULATED, USING:

Pressure over the tenantsVotes´ purchase “Resurrection” of the deadsManipullation of the Ballot boxes

The caciques (local political bosses) were influential people, especially in rural areas, who could solve people´s problems (give work, get rid of military service, give licenses…).They demanded the vote for the candidates and in exchange, they gave favours.

RESTAURACIÓNRESTAURACIÓNDEMOCRACIADEMOCRACIA

CIUDADANOS

REY

NUEVO PRESIDENTE

CONVOCA ELECCIONES

MAYORÍA CORTES

ELECCIONES

MAYORÍA CORTES

NUEVO PRESIDENTE

MINISTRO GOBERNACIÓN- ENCASILLADO

GOBERNADORES Y CACIQUES

SECTORES SOCIALES SOBRE LOS QUE SE EJERCE INFLUENCIA

LA FARSA ELECTORAL


THE PROBLEMS OF RESTORATION

-THE OPPOSITION OF THE PARTIES EXCLUDED FROM THE 'TURNISMO‘

-THE BEGINNING OF NATIONALISM

-THE GROWTH OF THE LABOR MOVEMENT

- THE DISASTER OF 1898


Carlos VII

THE CARLISMThe Restoration 1.874-1.902

The carlist had been defeated in the Third Carlist War

NATIONALIST MOVEMENTS IN SPAIN


UPRISING OF THE FIRST HALF OF THE 19th CENTURY.

WHEN THE BOURBON MONARCHY WAS RESTORED, THE STATE INCREASED THE CENTRALISM


THE WORKERS MOVEMENT

Anarchism gained support among Catan factory workers and andalusian peasant

The socialist also founded the trade union UGT which was strongest in Madrid, Asturias and the Basque Country

PSOE

A marxist party founded in 1.879

THE REPUBLICAN PARTIES


They were divided into different groups

PARTIDO PROGRESITA de Ruiz zorrilla PARTIDO FEDERAL de Pi i i Margall

And many others…

LA GUERRA DE CUBA 1.895 - 1898

CRISIS OF 1898: SPAIN LOST ITS LAST COLONIES

THE 1898 “DISASTER”



The USS Maine exploded in Havana harbour

CONSEQUENCES

• SPAIN LOST ITS LAST COLONIES

• SEVERE MORAL AND IDEOLOGICAL CRISIS

• THE REGENERACIONISMO AN INTELLECTUAL MOVEMENT WANTED TO END THE POLITICAL CORRUPTION IN THE COUNTRY

THE 1898 “DISASTER”


Emilio Aguinaldo (1869-1964)

Leader of the Philippine independence fight and first President of the island


Tratado de París entre España y los Estados Unidos.10 de diciembre 1898

Art. 1°. España renuncia a todo derecho de soberanía y propiedad sobre Cuba. En atención a que dicha isla, cuando sea evacuada por España, va a ser ocupada por los Estados Unidos, éstos, mientras dure su ocupación, tomarán sobre sí y cumplirán las obligaciones que, por el hecho de ocuparla, les impuso el derecho internacional (...)

Art. 2°. España cede a los Estados Unidos la isla de Puerto Rico y las demás que están ahora bajo su soberanía en las Indias Occidentales, y la isla de Guam en el archipiélago de las Marianas o Ladrones.

Art. 3°. España cede a los Estados Unidos el archipiélago conocido por las islas Filipinas (…).

Art. 5°. Los Estados Unidos, al ser firmado el presente tratado, transportarán a España, a su costa, a los soldados españoles que hicieron prisioneros de guerra las fuerzas americanas al ser capturada Manila.


The Restoration part 1. 4º ESO . IES Santa Catalina 2014 15

Education

Transcript of The Restoration part 1. 4º ESO . IES Santa Catalina 2014 15