The Respiratory System. © iStockphoto.com/”Eraxion”
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Transcript of The Respiratory System. © iStockphoto.com/”Eraxion”
Respiratory System StructureRespiratory System Structure
Nasal cavity
Mouth
EpiglottisPharynx
Larynx
Smooth muscle
Pulmonary arteriole
Pulmonary venule
Terminal bronchiole
Respiratory bronchiole
Mechanisms of BreathingMechanisms of Breathing• Active Inspiration:
• Passive Expiration:
© iStockphoto.com/”ShaneKato”
Lung VolumesLung VolumesDynamic lung volume
Ventilation (VE)
VE = VT * f Tidal volume (VT)
Respiratory frequency (f)
Ex. 16 breaths/min * .5 litres/breath = 8 l/min
Gas ExchangeGas Exchange
Diffusion mediates gas exchange
Diffusion
Diffusion can only occur if a difference in concentration exists
Physiological Adaptations Due to Physiological Adaptations Due to Endurance TrainingEndurance Training
Inner Workings of FitnessA Yale University study used MRI imaging to monitor a group of men or various levels
of fitness working out on a treadmill for an hour.
Keith Larry Salvadore
Background Past Olympic marathon runner
Fit active retired man Sedentary worker
Age 37 60 35
Weight / Height 135 lbs / 70 in 169 lbs / 69 in 173 lbs / 68 in
Body Fat 5.3% 16.2 % 35 %
Daily Exercise 2 Hours 1 Hour None
VO2 Max 76 ml / kg / min 41.9 ml / kg /min 35.3 ml / kg / min
Right Iliac Artery Diameter
12 mm 8 mm 6 mm
MRI scan indicating
muscle work levels after 1
hour
Tons of mitochondria shown in muscle but even though he went
twice as far as Larry still not overly exerted
Muscles show Larry’s muscles worked hard
after running for a solid hour.
Muscles lit up from walking for one hour on
treadmill.