The Respiratory System. Functions: 1.Brings oxygen into the body 2.Removes carbon dioxide and water,...
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Transcript of The Respiratory System. Functions: 1.Brings oxygen into the body 2.Removes carbon dioxide and water,...
The Respiratory System
The Respiratory SystemFunctions:1.Brings oxygen into the body2.Removes carbon dioxide and water, from the body.
•We breathe about 6L of air every minute.– Air contains oxygen which is required for
respiration to take place in our cells.• Carbon dioxide and water are the waste products of
respiration.
Oxygen + Glucose = Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy
The Respiratory System
NoseMouth
Larynx(Voice Box)
Lung
Diaphragm
Pharynx
Epiglottis
Trachea(Windpipe)
Bronchus
Alveoli
Nose and Moutho Two locations through which air enters the
respiratory system.– Which of these two locations is the BEST for you
to breathe through?• Why?
1. Air is warmed by blood flowing through capillaries in the inner lining of the nose.
2. Air is moistened by the mucus lining which prevents tissues from drying out.
3. Air is cleaned by tiny hairs that trap dust particles and microscopic organisms.
The Nose
o Air moves into the pharynx, located at the back of the throat.
• Location where the digestive and respiratory systems cross.
Food and air both travel through the pharynx.
o As air passes by the epiglottis and is directed down the trachea toward the lungs.
• Food would be directed into the esophagus when the epiglottis closes off the airway during swallowing.
The Pharynx
The Larynx
• After the pharynx is the larynx, voice box.o Vocal cords vibrate as air
passes through them to create sound. Men’s vocal cords are longer
thus deeper voices. Women’s vocal cords are
shorter thus higher pitched voices.
Stephen Tyler – 10:42 min
The Trachea
• The Trachea – (Windpipe)o passes by the epiglottis and is directed down the
trachea toward the lungs.o Alternating bands of cartilage and smooth
muscle make up the trachea.o Tiny hairs line the trachea and trap particles that
made it past the nose.
The TracheaLarynx
Cartilage Rings
Trachea
The Bronchi
• The lower end of the trachea splits into two tubes – Bronchi.– One directs air to the left lung and one to the
right lung.
Bronchi
The Lungs• Lungs are made up of smaller and smaller
tubes that eventually end in small grape-like clusters called alveoli.– Make up most of the tissue of the lungs.– Make the lungs soft and spongy.– Surrounded by capillaries and oxygen and carbon
dioxide are exchanged here by diffusion.
The Alveoli
Alveoli
OneAlveolus
Bronchiole
Capillaries
Lung Comparison
Lung Comparison
Normal Emphysema
Mechanics of Breathing
• Breathing in: (Inspiration/Inhaling)– Air pressure in your lungs is lower compared to
the air pressure outside your body.• Muscles attached to the ribs contract and pull up and
out.• The diaphragm, at the bottom of your chest, contracts
and pulls down.• Both actions make more room in your chest for the air
to rush in.
(Up & Out)
(Pulls Down)
(Air pressure is lower insideyour lungs compared to out =
Rushes In)
Mechanics of Breathing
• Breathing out: (Expiration/Exhaling)– Air pressure in your lungs is higher compared to
the air pressure outside your body.• Muscles in your chest relax, moving in and down.• The diaphragm relaxes, moving up.• Both actions reduce the amount of space available in
your chest cavity, forcing air out.
(Air pressure is higher insideyour lungs compared to out =
Rushes out)
(In & Down)
(Moves Up)