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Slide 2 THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Ch 37.1 Guide Slide 3 Breathing:Mechanical intake gas Diaphram muscle expands & contracts the chest cavity Slide 4 Lung, trachea, bronchi & alveoli Slide 5 Alveoli: Tiny air sacs w Increase Surface area for gas exchange w Rich in capillaries w Over 700 million ! Slide 6 B. Comparing terms: w Breathing: Mechanical intake and exhalation of gases (lungs) w Respiration: the exchange of gases by diffusion at the alveoli w Cellular Respiration: Use of oxygen by the mitochondria to make ATP energy Slide 7 Air enters the Mouth And Nasal Passages where it is warmed & filtered Slide 8 Breathing:Mechanical intake gas Diaphram muscle expands & contracts the chest cavity Slide 9 The brain stem controls breathing by CO2 concentration Slide 10 w Respiration or Gas exchange at capillaries w By the law of diffusion w Blue blood low in oxygen coming into the alveoli w Red blood high in oxygen leaves the alveoli Alveoli air sacs Slide 11 Cellular Respiration w Breakdown of Food w in Mitochondria w Plants & Animals w Produces ATP w Cell energy w CO 2 gas waste Slide 12 Tuberculosis: Bacterial infection Slide 13 Smokers Lung with tar deposits Slide 14 Cancerous Lung Slide 15 This dissection of human lung tissue shows light-colored cancerous tissue in the center of the photograph. At bottom center lies the heart. While normal lung tissue is light pink in color, the tissue surrounding the cancer is black and airless, the result of a tarlike residue left by cigarette smoke. Most lung cancer begins in the cells lining the main air passages, or bronchi. In their cancerous state, these cells lack the cilia that normally catch and eliminate foreign particles inhaled into the lung. Mucous ordinarily cleared by bronchial cilia becomes trapped, blocking air passages. Lung cancer accounts for the largest percentage of cancer deaths in the United States, and cigarette smoking is directly responsible for the majority of these cases. Martin Rotker/Phototake NYC "Cancerous Human Lung," Microsoft Encarta Encyclopedia 2000. 1993-1999 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. For teachers use: Slide 16 Whales have lungs