The Respiratory system
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Transcript of The Respiratory system
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The Respiratory system
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PartsDivided into 2:
• Respiratory Tract– Nasal cavity– Pharynx– Trachea– Bronchi
• The Lungs– Alveoli
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Role of System• Gaseous exchange between
surrounding air and blood• Oxygen diffuses from alveoli to blood• Carbon dioxide diffuse out from
blood to alveoli
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Function of Nasal Cavity• Filters air with hairs• Warm and moisten air with mucus
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Function of Lungs• Where gas exchange occurs between
the body and the outside world
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Mechanics of Respiration• 2 important structuresA. Intercostal muscles (muscles
located between the ribs)B. Diaphragm (muscle that seperates
rib cage from abdomen)
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Inhalation• Air rich in O₂ and poor in CO₂• Intercostal muscles and diaphragm contract• Ribs rise• Diaphragm descends• Rib cage ↑ in size• Lung volume ↑• Air pressure ↓• O₂ rich air from outside flows into lungs until
pressure inside and outside of lungs is equal
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Exhalation• Air rich in CO₂ and poor in O₂• Intercostal muscles and diaphragm relax• Ribs descend• Diaphragm rises• Size of rib cage ↓• Lung volume ↓• Air pressure ↑• CO₂ rich air inside lungs flows outside until
pressure inside and outside lungs is equal
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Gas exchange within the lungs
• The O₂ that has been absorbed by the lungs must reach all the cells of our body!
• This is why our blood needs to be circulated
• The same goes for the waste product produced (CO₂) needs to be carried by the blood to be expelled from the body
• This exchange of gases occurs in the ALVEOLI
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Gas exchange within the lungs
• Alveoli→ miniature sacs that fill with air and make up the bulk of the lungs
• Each alveoli is surrounded by blood vessels called capillaries
• When the blood reaches the alveoli, it is CO₂ rich
• The air in the alveoli is O₂
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Gas exchange