Coherent analysis of CMB anisotropies CMB, structures and Foregrounds
The report on the baseline survey of CMB- China Medical Tobacco Initiative School of Public Health,...
-
Upload
martin-leonard-pope -
Category
Documents
-
view
223 -
download
7
Transcript of The report on the baseline survey of CMB- China Medical Tobacco Initiative School of Public Health,...
The report on the baseline survey of CMB-China Medical Tobacco Initiative
School of Public Health, Sichuan University
Contents1 Background1 Background
2 Methods 2 Methods
3 Results3 Results
4 Conclusions4 Conclusions
5 Suggestions5 Suggestions
6 Challenges6 Challenges
Tobacco consumption is a critical public health problem in China.
Behaviors of doctors, teachers, political leaders and celebrities play a very important role in tobacco control
CMB initiated “China Medical Tobacco Initiative” in 2010, interventional means of tobacco consumption were carried out in medical college of 13 universities around China, to support further implementation of tobacco control around China
1 Background1 Background
2 Methods 2 Methods
3 Results3 Results
4 Conclusions4 Conclusions
5 Suggestions5 Suggestions
6 Challenges6 Challenges
Subjects : Universities :
13 CMB-grantee universities
3 Control universities
Populations : Male students (2nd and 3rd-year students major in medicin
e)
Male teachers (work on teaching or researching)
Male doctors (physician, surgeon, gynecologist,
pediatrician)
Sampling : Questionnaire survey : cluster sampling
Environmental observation: simple random sampling
Survey methods : questionnaire survey
environmental observation
tobacco control material reference
group discussion on specific topics
Contentstobacco use cessationexposure to second-hand smoking awareness of tobacco harmattitude to tobacco controltobacco control regulationtobacco advertisement and sponsorship
Questionnaire survey
Environmental observation
Policy evaluation
campus environment
hospital environment
estimation on smokers
implementation of tobacco control
Population Survey number Response rate (%)
Student 7728 94.4
Teacher 2872 86.6
Doctor 2664 96.5
Table1. The response rate of each population
The response rate of questionnaire survey for each population is showed in the following table:
1 Background1 Background
2 Methods 2 Methods
3 Results3 Results
4 Conclusions4 Conclusions
5 Suggestions5 Suggestions
6 Challenges6 Challenges
Tobacco Use
Universities Student Teacher DoctorCMB-grantee Universities
Tibetan University 50.5 46.9 59.3Ningxia Medical University 26.0 41.1 37.7Xi'an Jiaotong University 8.3 49.5 34.5Sichuan University 14.4 35.6 36.0Jiujiang College 19.5 52.0 47.5Zhongnan University 8.4 42.1 39.2Harbin Medical University 12.8 19.3 25.8Fudan University 8.8 18.8 20.6China Medical University 8.1 32.6 24.3Peking Union Medical College 3.5 30.3 11.7Zhongshan University 3.5 33.3 28.0Peking University 4.4 23.3 —Zhejiang University 0.9 37.5 12.7
Control Universities
Chengdu Medical College 21.7 45.7 35.1Beijing TCM Medical College 10.5 31.3 34.9Hangzhou Normal University 2.1 33.3 31.8
Table 1: Smoking Prevalence of differnt Groups(%)
Smoking rates of all groups from most CMB-grantee
universities is lower than general male, while the smoking rates
from several universities are comparatively high (compared
with the result of the fourth National Health Service Survey,
the smoking rate of male population aged between 15-24 years
old is 14.9%, and that of the general male population is 48.0%).
(%)
Smoking Prevalence among all population groups in CMB-grantee universities are all lower than those in control universities
Among the CMB-grantee universities , the smoking rate in prestige schools is lower than that in non-prestige schools
(%)
In CMB-grantee universities :
More than half students have experience of smoking, among which 30% have smoked a whole cigarette after their entry in college.
Regional Difference E.g among medical students from prestige universities: smoking rate in western region is the highest, and then the north-eastern region.
Cessation
more than 60% smokers of all groups plan to quit smoking rates of quiting from smoking or quitting for more than 2 years among smokers
of all groups is low The relapse rates of all groups are about 79%
(%)
In CMB-grantee universities:
Second-hand Smoking Exposure
The second-hand smoking exposure rate among students from CMB-grantee universities is lower than that from control universities.
( %)
Among CMB-grantee universities: second-hand smoking exposure rate among students from prestige universities is lower than that from non-prestige universities
( %)
In CMB-grantee universities, Teaching Building and Administration Building are the main location of students and teachers’ second-hand smoking exposure
(%)
In the affiliated hospital of CMB-grantee universities, Outpatients Department /Inpatients Building are the main location of second-hand smoking exposure
(%)
Awareness of tobacco harm
(%) (%)
In CMB-grantee universities: Only 27.6% students are aware that smoking can cause stroke,
heart attack and lung cancer; 44.2% students are aware that second-hand smoking can caus
e adult heart attack, lung cancer and children lung diseases
In CMB-grantee universities: 47.4% teachers are aware that smoking can cause stroke, hear
t attack and lung cancer; 52.9% teachers are aware that second-hand smoking can caus
e adult heart attack, lung cancer and children lung diseases
(%)(%)
In affiliated hospitals of CMB-grantee universities, about 30% doctors are not fully aware the harm of smoking and second-hand smoking exposure
(%)(%)
Attitude toward tobacco control
76.8% students, 84.5% teachers and 87.5% doctors agree that it is their own responsibility to reject smoking
83.2% students, 89.4% teachers and 91.7% doctors agree that their own group should play a main role in tobacco control campaign
80.6% students, 79.8% teachers and 88.3% doctors agree that their own group are responsible for persuading public to quit smoking
In CMB-grantee universities:
31
However More than 80% students agree that smoking can ease stress
and anxiety
More than 60% students agree that smoking can bring excitement and pleasure
About 30% students agree that smoking can express their personality
Tobacco Advertisement and Sponsorship
Within previous 30 days, 22.0% students, 13.8% teachers and 19.2% doctors of project colleges have noticed tobacco advertisements or events sponsored by tobacco companies on campus/in hospitals
Results of Environmental Observation
Campus environment
In CMB-grantee universities: rare to find smokers at tobacco control foc
us locations
The proportion of finding cigarette butts in the following locations are
higher than that of other locations: corridors/stairs of teaching building outside the teaching building gates corridors/stairs of the teachers' office building outside the male students' dorm building
In CMB-grantee universities: corridors/stairs and male bathrooms in te
aching buildings are main locations for tobacco control signal displayin
g, less are found in other locations
Teachers' office and meeting rooms of teaching building in some CMB-
grantee universities are placed with ash tray
Hospital Environment
In the affiliated hospitals of CMB-grantee universities, it is rare to find smo
kers at tobacco control focus locations, except for the hospital yards
In the affiliated hospitals of CMB-grantee universities, the proportion of
finding tobacco control signals are higher at the corridors/stairs of the out
patients department and in-patients department
In the affiliated hospitals of CMB-grantee universities, the proportion of finding cigarette butts are higher at corridors/stairs of the outpatient department and in-patients department and the hospital yards
In the CMB-grantee universities: ash trays are placed in a few offices and meeting rooms within the outpatient department and in-patients department buildings
37
Estimation of different groups’ smoking status and policy evaluation
Estimation of different groups' smoking status
In most CMB-grantee universities, the smoking rates of students are low, except for some overseas students from few universities
The smoking rate of older teachers is higher than that of
the younger ones. The smoking rate of the administrative staff is higher than that of teachers in lecturing and researching positions
Within hospitals, doctors with more pressure smoke mo
re, for example, surgeons smoke more than internal medicine physicians
Situation of tobacco control
Most CMB-grantee universities and their affiliated hospitals have
held tobacco control campaign before this project
Works after the initiation of this projects include: Established and improved the organizing committee for tob
acco control Established certain tobacco control policies, evaluation, re
wards and punishment system Established policies to encourage and help smokers to quit
smoking Rejected inquiries from tobacco companies on campus and
in hospitals Other special tobacco control activities
Analysis of factors related with smoking behavior
Factors which influenced students' smoking behavior include:
Nationality
prestige universities or not Smoking behavior of parents Smoking behavior of best friends attitude toward smoking of people around
Factors which influenced teachers' smoking behavior include:
institutions (departments)
prestige universities or not own attitude toward tobacco control co-workers' attitude toward smoking
Factors which influenced doctors' smoking behavior include:
Whether the affiliated hospitals is of prestige universities or not
own attitude toward tobacco control co-workers' attitude toward smoking
1 Background1 Background
2 Methods 2 Methods
3 Results3 Results
4 Conclusions4 Conclusions
5 Suggestions5 Suggestions
6 Challenges6 Challenges
General smoking rates of different groups from CMB-grantee universities are lower than that of general public, but some subject groups in CMB-grantee universities have serious smoking problem
There are regional and prestige or non-prestige difference among CMB-grantee universities
Non-smokers are seriously exposed to second-hand smoking, teaching building, office building and hospital outpatient/inpatient department buildings are the main locations of second-hand smoking exposure
The situation of relapse is serious among subjects who have quitted smoking
Our survey subjects have certain awareness of the harm of smoking and second-hand smoking exposure, but their knowledge is not comprehensive
The attitude towards tobacco control of our survey subjects is inconsistent
The awareness and attitude toward harm of smoking are inconsistent with their behaviors
Some non-smoking students may become smokers
Some of the CMB-grantee universities and their affiliated hospitals need to improve their policy on tobacco control, and strength policy promotion and implementation
Some CMB-grantee universities and their affiliated hospitals’ environment need to reinforce tobacco control
Problems during the tobacco control campaign in universities Focus on advocating and persuading, lack in constrain by pol
icy and policy implementation Campus tobacco control focus on students, but neglect teac
hers Smoking rate among administrative staff is comparatively hi
gh Tobacco control activities are scattered, without consistenc
e
1 Background1 Background
2 Methods 2 Methods
3 Results3 Results
4 Conclusions4 Conclusions
5 Suggestions5 Suggestions
6 Challenges6 Challenges
Put tobacco control campaigns in western and non-prestige medical universities as priority
Further Planning and integration on tobacco control strategy and policies
University leaders should be good examples on tobacco control, administrative staff should be the focus of the campaign
Tobacco control activities targeting teachers and doctors should be prior to those to students
Use evidence-based and vivid health education to improve teachers, doctors and students' awareness of the harm of smoking
Open tobacco control courses and lectures and adapt them into teaching plan of the universities
Use effective measures to prevent people who have quitted smoking from relapse
Motivate and support non-smokers to defend their rights of not being harmed by smoking
To decrease second-hand smoking exposure, adapt some Transitional measures: for example, set up smoking area within hospitals
Strengthening the anti-tobacco environment construction
Improve tobacco control policy, reinforce their implementation
1 Background1 Background
2 Methods 2 Methods
3 Results3 Results
4 Conclusions4 Conclusions
5 Suggestions5 Suggestions
6 Challenges6 Challenges
Without official legislation of tobacco control in China, it is difficult to implement the tobacco control policies effectively in universities and hospitals
There is no national legislation to forbid smoking in any public area or working area indoors
There is no law to prevent second-hand smoking exposure There are legal constrains to prevent tobacco advertisements, but laws c
annot prevent some "invisible" advertisements from tobacco companies
Patients and their family members are the main problem in tobacco control within hospitals
Principles and policies from the hospitals mainly target medical workers
The hospital principles are not legally binding which cann
ot constrain the behaviors of the patients and their family members
It is hard to manage due to the patients' large number an
d mobility