The Relation of Food and Health - Laredo Community · Web viewCourse Objectives Content...

The Nursing Process

Course Objectives Content Learning ExperienceList the five steps of the nursing process.

Discuss how the nursing process is used in administering medications.

Identify subjective and objective data.

List specific nursing activities related to assessing, diagnosing, planning, implementing, and evaluating the patient’s response to medications.

Steps in the Nursing Process Assessment Diagnosis Planning Implementation Evaluation

The Right TimeThe Right DoseThe Right PatientThe Right Route

Edmunds, ((2010) 6th Ed. Introduction to Clinical Pharmacology, Elsevier

Morris, (2006) 4th Ed. Calculate with Confidence, Elsevier

Karch, 2006 Lippincott’s Nursing Drug Guide

Chapter 1

Activities:Lecture DiscussionsGroup ActivitiesQuizzesExamsStandardized Computer Software Program

Reviewed: 8/04, 8/05, 6/06, 8/07, 8/08, 8/09VNSG 1331 Pharmacology

1

Patient Teaching and Health Literacy

Course Objectives Content Learning ExperienceList some of the problems that patients have when they cannot read or understand health instructions.

Identify the common causes of patient medication errors.

Describe the process of teaching patients about medications.

Compliance Noncompliance Concordance

Communicating with the Patient

The Process of Patient Education Assessment of Patient Needs

Preparing a Teaching Plan

Implementing a Teaching Plan Verbal Education Written Information Audiovisual Resources Nurse and Patient Use of the

Internet

Evaluation of Learning




Chapter 2



2

Legal Aspects of Medication Administration

Course Objectives Content Learning ExperienceList the names of major federal laws about drugs and drug use.

Discuss what is meant by “scheduled drugs” or “controlled substances” and give examples of drugs in the different schedules.

Discuss how the nurse is responsible for controlled substances.

List information included in a medication order or prescription.

Discuss the four different types of medication orders.

Describe the differences between authority, responsibility, and accountability.

Discuss what the nurse needs to do in the event of a medication error.

Pharmacology and Regulations Federal Legislation Controlled Substances Prescription, or Legend, Drugs Over-the-Counter Medications

State Law and Health Care Agency Policies

Patient Charts

Kardex

Drug Distribution Systems

Narcotics Control Systems

The Drug Order

Medication Errors

Legislation to Protect Health Care Workers




Chapter 3



3

Foundations and Principles of Pharmacology

Course Objectives Content Learning ExperienceExplain the differences between the chemical, generic, official, and brand names of medicines.

Describe the four basic physiologic processes that affect medications in the body.

Discuss the basic types of drug actions.

Discuss the differences between side effects and adverse effects.

Drug Names

Types of Drugs Drug Attachment

Basic Drug Processes Absorption Distribution Metabolism Excretion or Elimination Half-life

Basics of Drug Action Bioequivalence Drug Interactions

Food, Alcohol and Drug Interventions Alcohol-Medication Interactions Drug Effects on Laboratory Tests

and Blood Substances Chronotherapy

Patient Variables Affecting Drug Use




Chapter 4



4

Calculating Drug Dosages

Course Objectives Content Learning ExperienceUse formulas to determine the dosages of tablets, capsules, or liquids.

Use formulas to determine the total number of tablets or capsules or the amount of liquid to be ordered for a specified time.

Use information about the apothecaries’, metric, and household measurement systems to accurately calculate drug dosages.

Calculate dosages for Parenteral injections, including those for special preparations such as insulin.

Calculate flow rates for infusions.

Discuss three different rules used to calculate medication dosages for children.

Calculation Methods Fraction Method Ratio or Proportion Method “Desired over Available” Method

Calculating Dosages Oral Medications Capsules and Tablets Liquids

Parenteral Medications Hypodermic Tablets Insulin

Intravenous Flow Rates Flow Rates for Infants & Children Total Infusion Time Other Factors Influencing Flow

Rates

Calculating Dosages for Infants & Children

Dimensional Analysis Calculations




Chapter 9



5

Preparing and Administering Medications

Course Objectives Content Learning ExperienceCompare dosage forms for drugs given by the Enteral route.

Outline procedures for giving medications enterally, parenterally, and percutaneously.

Identify anatomy landmarks used for giving Parenteral medications.

Discuss processes to prevent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission.

Enteral Medications

Oral Administration Solid-Form Oral Medications Liquid-Form Oral Medications

Nasogastric Administration

Rectal Administration




Chapter 10



6

Allergy and Respiratory Medications

Course Objectives Content Learning ExperienceIdentify major antihistamines used to treat breathing problems.

Describe the action of antitussive medications.

Discuss medications used to treat and prevent asthma attacks.

Describe the major actions and the adverse reactions of the two main categories of bronchodilators.

Identify at least six medications commonly used as decongestants.

Describe the mechanism of action for expectorants.

Discuss the major contraindications to the use of nasal steroids.

Action

Uses

Adverse Reactions

Drug Interactions

Nursing Implications and Patient Teaching




Chapter 11



7

Antiinfective Medications

Course Objectives Content Learning ExperienceIdentify the major antiinfective drug categories and the organisms against which they are effective.

Define “spectrum” and explain what this word means in antiinfective therapy.

List some of the most common adverse reactions to medications used to treat infections.

Outline the most important things to teach the patient who is taking antiinfective medications.

Penicillin Common uses of penicillin

products Adverse reactions from penicillin

products Common drug interactions

Sulfonamides Action and uses of sulfonamides Adverse reactions Teaching the patient and family

Broad-Spectrum Antibiotics Common broad-spectrum

antibiotics Pharmacotherapy Adverse reactions to antibiotics Patient teaching plan

Antitubercular Drugs General actions Adverse reactions

Antiparasitic Drugs Common parasites Medication categories Adverse reactions




Chapter 12


Antivirals, Antiretrovirals, and Antifungal Medications


8

Course Objectives Content Learning ExperienceDescribe how antiviral and antiretroviral medications work.

Discuss common medications used in treating AIDS and AIDS-related fungal infections.

Outline Standard Precautions the nurse takes in limiting exposure to AIDS.

Antivirals Action and Uses Adverse Reactions Drug Interactions Nursing Implications Patient Teaching

Antiretroviral Agents Action and Uses Adverse Reactions Drug Interactions Nursing Implications Patient Teaching

Antifungals Action and Uses Adverse Reactions Drug Interactions Nursing Implications Patient Teaching




Chapter 13



9

Antineoplastic Medications

Course Objectives Content Learning ExperienceDiscuss the types of drugs used to treat neoplastic disease or cancer.

Identify the major adverse reactions associated with antineoplastic agents.

Develop a teaching plan for a patient taking an antineoplastic drug.

Actions and Uses

Adverse Reactions

Drug Interactions

Nursing Implications

Patient and Family Teaching




Chapter 14



10

Cardiovascular and Renal Medications

Course Objectives Content Learning ExperienceIdentify the approved way to give different forms of antianginal therapy.

Discuss the uses and general actions of cardiac drugs used to treat dysrhythmias.

Describe the common treatment for various types of lipoprotein disorders.

Explain the actions of different categories of drugs used to treat hypertension.

Identify indications for electrolyte replacement.

Antianginals and Peripheral Vasodilators

Antidysrhythmics

Antihyperlipidemics

Cardiotonics

Antihypertensives, Diuretics, and Other Drugs Affecting the Urinary Tract

Fluid and Electrolytes




Chapter 15



11

Central and Peripheral Nervous System Medications

Course Objectives Content Learning ExperienceIdentify the major classes of drugs that affect the central nervous system.

Explain the major actions of drugs used to treat disorders of the central nervous system.

Discuss different actions of antimigraine products.

Identify the role of psychotropic drugs in psychotherapeutic intervention.

Compare and contrast different categories of medications used to treat depression.

Antimigraine Agents

Anticonvulsants or Antiepileptic Drugs

Antiemetic-Antivertigo Agents

Antiparkinsonian Agents

Psychotherapeutic Agents

Antianxiety Agents

Antidepressants

Antipsychotic Drugs




Chapter 16



12

Medications for Pain Management

Course Objectives Content Learning ExperienceList medications commonly used for the treatment of moderate to severe pain.

Evaluate different forms of narcotic agonists and narcotic agonist-antagonists in their ability to control pain.

Explain why there are so many rules about how narcotics and related analgesic drugs may be given.

Compare and contrast drug tolerance and drug addiction.

List behavior that would make you believe a patient is addicted to the drug.

Narcotic Agonist Analgesics

Narcotic Agonist-Antagonist Analgesics

Nonnarcotic Centrally Acting Analgesics




Chapter 17



13

Gastrointestinal Medications

Course Objectives Content Learning ExperienceIdentify common uses for antacids and histamine H2- receptor antagonists.

Compare and contrast the actions of anticholinergic and antispasmodic medications on the gastrointestinal (GI) tract.

Compare the actions and adverse reactions of the five major classifications of laxatives.

Identify indications for the use of at least two common antidiarrheals, antiflatulents, digestive enzymes, and emetics.

Describe indications for disulfiram use and what is meant by “disulfiram reaction.”

Antacids, H2-Receptor Antagonists, Proton Pump Inhibitors

Anticholinergics, Antispasmodics, and Antidiarrheals

Laxatives

Gastrointestinal Drugs




Chapter 18



14

Hematologic Products

Course Objectives Content Learning ExperienceIdentify drugs that act in the formation, repair, or function of red blood cells.

Describe the influence of anticoagulants on blood clotting.

Identify at least three adverse reactions associated with Hematologic products.

Develop a teaching plan for patients taking anticoagulants on a long-term basis.

Anticoagulants

Thrombolytic Agents

Antiplatelet Agents

Adverse Reactions

Drug Interactions




Chapter 19



15

Hormones and Steroids

Course Objectives Content Learning ExperienceDescribe the use of antidiabetic medications.

Identify preparations that act on the uterus.

Compare and contrast the action of adrenal and pituitary hormones.

Describe at least five adverse reactions that may result from the use of glucocortical and mineralocortical steroids.

Compare the actions of various male and female hormones.

List the indications for the use of thyroid preparations.

Endocrine System

Insulin

Drug Interactions

Oral Hypoglycemics

Selected Drugs Used with Pregnancy and Delivery

Pituitary and Adrenocortical Hormones

Oral Contraceptives




Chapter 20



16

Immunologic Medications

Course Objectives Content Learning ExperienceExplain the differences between the three different types of immunity.

List the major adverse reactions of common immunologic drugs.

Immune System

Adverse Reactions

Drug Interactions




Chapter 21



17

Antiinflammatory, Musculoskeletal, and Antiarthritis Medications

Course Objectives Content Learning ExperienceDiscuss medications commonly used for the treatment of minor musculoskeletal pain and inflammation.

Identify the appropriate use for musculoskeletal relaxants.

Explain the mechanisms of action for different antiarthritis medications.

Describe the clinical situations in which uricosuric therapy may be indicated.

Compare the actions of various anti-inflammatory and muscle relaxant agents.

Describe adverse reactions frequently found in the use of antiarthritis medications.

Muscular and Skeletal Systems

The Inflammatory Response

Antiinflammaotry and Analgesic Agents Salicylates Acetaminophen Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory

Drugs

Skeletal Muscle Relaxants Adverse Reactions Drug Interactions Slow-Acting Antirheumatic Drugs Methotrexate Penicillamine

Antigout Medications Action Uses Adverse Reactions Drug Interactions




Chapter 22



18

Topical Preparations Course Objectives Content Learning ExperienceIdentify major categories of medications used topically.

List at least three preparations used to treat eye, ear, and skin problems.

Describe specific administration techniques for topical products.

Integumentary System

Topical Medications Anorectal Preparations Mouth and Throat Preparations Ophthalmic Drugs Otic Preparations Topical skin Preparations




Chapter 23



19

Vitamins and Minerals

Course Objectives Content Learning ExperienceIdentify the actions and indications for vitamins and minerals.

List at least six products used to treat vitamin or mineral deficiencies.

Present a teaching plan for patients who require vitamin or mineral supplements.

Vitamins Vitamin A Vitamin B Vitamin B2

Niacin Pantothenic Acid Vitamin B6

Folic Acid Vitamin B12

Vitamin C Vitamin D Vitamin E Vitamin K

Minerals Calcium Fluoride Iron Magnesium Manganese Potassium Zinc Vitamin and Mineral Deficiencies




Chapter 24

Activities:Lecture DiscussionsGroup ActivitiesQuizzesExamsStandard Computer Software Program


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