The Region Today. Section I The U.S. has a Market Economy People allowed to own, operate, & profit...
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Transcript of The Region Today. Section I The U.S. has a Market Economy People allowed to own, operate, & profit...
The United States & Canada
The Region Today
The EconomySection I
Economic Activities
The U.S. has a Market Economy People allowed to own, operate, & profit
fro their own business Businesses allowed to hire Government protection of private
property & workers Canada has a more Command
Economy More public ownership of industry Private ownership still encouraged
…Continued
Both Economies are Post-Industrial Movement from
agricultural to industrial began at the turn of the 20th century
Currently, less emphasis on heavy industry
More focus on service & high-tech business
Post-Industrial Economics
75% of US & Canadian workers in service jobs Government, education, banking, etc.
Located in Central Business Districts of Communities “Downtown”
High-Tech industries less dependent on location Silicon Valley in California▪ Home to 20 high-tech companies▪ Near population center▪ Comfortable yearly climate
Manufacturing
20% of regions economy
Robotics have changed industry
Great Lakes Region Manufacturing Belt Rust Belt Current work to retool old
factories & mills
…Continued
Region Manufacturing Centers California & Washington-
Aircraft Midwest-Automobile California-Food
Processing Northeast & Quebec-
Logging/Timber Manufacturing
Agriculture
Commercialized farming of Commodities Commodities: Goods for
sale 5% of farms
commercially owned Remaining owned by
families 1 Billion acres in the U.S.
used for farming 167 Million acres in
Canada
…Continued
Farm size has grown, number of farmers has decreased High Costs Unpredictable Markets Risk of Natural Disaster Time & Work
Agricultural Products
Cattle Industry Western &
Southern U.S. Prairie provinces of
Canada Wheat Belt
Great Plains Corn Belt
Midwest Ohio to Nebraska
Agricultural Advancements
Examples Beef Cattle▪ Traditionally: Large spaces and open grassland
Mainly found in West & Southwest▪ Today: Breeds developed to need less space Spread throughout South
Dairy Cattle▪ Traditionally: Found in Northeast & Upper Midwest
Cooler Climate & better pastures▪ Today: Automation & improved feed
Found across U.S. today
Trade & Interdependence
Global economy Interconnection of trade across borders
Exports & Imports US▪ Trade deficit: Spends more on imports than makes on
exports▪ Costly U.S. production▪ Foreign tariffs on U.S. goods
Canada▪ Trade Surplus▪ Smaller population▪ Spends greatly in imports but exports equal it out
Trade Agreements
1989-U.S. & Canada sign the Free Trade Agreement (FTA)
1994-U.S., Canada, & Mexico sign North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) World’s largest trade bloc Eliminated trade barriers Strengthens economic bonds Makes Outsourcing easier▪ Easier to move business across Mexican
border
United Against Terror
U.S. & Canada created Smart Border Acts Monitor people & goods
Free & Secure Trade (FAST) Complete & reliable records on cargo Surveillance of cross-border trade Intelligence sharing
Transportation & Communication
After WWII more people began buying cars
Highway/road systems built through population centers Along Mississippi & Ohio
Valleys Trans-Canadian Highway
4860 miles from British Columbia to Newfoundland
…Continued
Pollution Problems Smog in urban areas Solutions: Mass Transit▪ Buses▪ Commuter Trains▪ Subways▪ Elevated Trains▪ Monorail
…Continued
Busiest Airports Atlanta’s Hartsfield▪ 384,000 Flights in 2012▪ 38.2 Million passengers in 2012
Chicago’s O’Hare▪ 2400 flights a day▪ 66.6 million passengers annually
Toronto’s Pearson International▪ 34.9 million passengers in 2012▪ 433 thousand flights in 2012
Other Transportation Systems
35% of goods travel by rail
15% of goods travel by water
20% of goods travel by truck
¼ of oil and natural gas travel via pipeline
Communication
Development of cellular and digital services
E-mail & internet Communication,
commerce, travel, etc.
People & Their EnvironmentSection II
Managing Resources
Poor management in the past has lead to major problems today Clear Cutting▪ Destroyed Old-growth forests▪ Endangered wildlife and habitats▪ Caused erosion
…Continued
Conversion of wetlands to agricultural land▪ Eliminated natural fisheries▪ Destroyed natural water purification systems▪ Devastated coast storm and flood buffer
zones
…Continued
Overfishing Amount caught exceeds natural
reproduction Canadian ban on Cod fishing
Species Decline Example: Low wolf populations in
Western Canada▪ Exploding elk populations
Invasive Species
Animal: Asian Carp, Africanized Honeybee, Burmese Python, Cane Toad, Emerald Ash Borer, European Starling, Giant African Snail, Northern Snakehead, Nutria, Wild Boar, & Zebra Mussels
…Continued
Plants: Autumn Olive, Kudzu, & Sacred Bamboo
Issues: Blocked waterways, Crop destruction, species displacement
Human Impacts
Acid Rain Precipitation that carries acidic materials▪ Sulfur dioxide & Nitrogen oxide released into
environment Effects Eastern U.S. & Canada Corrodes Stone & metal buildings Damages crops & pollutes soil Bodies of water can become biologically
dead
Acid Rain
…Continued
Smog Same chemicals as acid rain Reacts to sunlight and sinks to the
surface Damages plants Harms eyes, throats, & lungs Air quality tested daily Solution▪ More fuel efficient cars & bio/green
transportation
…Continued
Water Pollution Introduction of sewage, industrial, &
agricultural waste Illegal dumping, leaks, or seping into
groundwater Affects natural wetland habitat Causes eutrophication▪ Promotion of algae growth▪ Depletion of oxygen levels in the water▪ Fish die offs▪ Eventually lake may cease to exist
Reversing Pollution Effects
1972, Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement Canada & the U.S. Combat water pollution of the Lakes
Regional concerns over water pollution
NAFTA raises environmental issues along Rio Grande
Future Challenges
Looking at affects of global warming Deforestation & use of fossil fuels Carbon levels at millennial highs Affects seen in Arctic regions▪ Thinning of ice sheets▪ Thawing of permafrost▪ Loss of Arctic habitat
…Continued
Cleaner energy options Nuclear Energy Solar Power Wind Energy Hydroelectric Power