The Re- Physicalization of Physics by Albrecht Giese Hamburg, Germany Puebla 2008
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Transcript of The Re- Physicalization of Physics by Albrecht Giese Hamburg, Germany Puebla 2008
www.ag-physics.org 1
The Re-Physicalization of Physics
byAlbrecht Giese
Hamburg, Germany
Puebla 2008
1
The Re-Physicalization of Physics
www.ag-physics.org 2
Contents
Problems of Present Physics
Changing to Reality Physics
Historical Background of the present paradigm
• General: Reductionism
• Example: Fermat’s Principle
• Example: Special Relativity
• Example: General Relativity
• Example: Origin of Mass
The Re-Physicalization of Physics
2
‘
www.ag-physics.org 3
Contents
Problems of Present Physics
Changing to Reality Physics
Historical Background of the present paradigm
• General: Reductionism
• Example: Fermat’s Principle
• Example: Special Relativity
• Example: General Relativity
• Example: Origin of Mass
The Re-Physicalization of Physics
3
‘
www.ag-physics.org 4
Quantum GravityString theory? 10500 solutions
Cosmological constants: 10100 Uni-(Multi)verses necessary?
Inflation: Increase of scale by 1050
Gravity: Dark Matter, Dark Energy, Pioneer anomaly
L. Susskind (2006):
Present physics is at a dead end to such an extend,
that we ought to go back 2500 years – before Aristotle
and start again from the beginning!
Problems of Present Physics
The Re-Physicalization of Physics
4
‘
www.ag-physics.org 5
Contents
Problems of Present Physics
Changing to Reality Physics
Historical Background of the present paradigm
• General: Reductionism
• Example: Fermat’s Principle
• Example: Special Relativity
• Example: General Relativity
• Example: Origin of Mass
The Re-Physicalization of Physics
5
‘
www.ag-physics.org 6
Newton's Law of Motion:
Newton's Gravity:
Galileo's Free Fall:
Reductionism
Physical Description
Physical Description –is physical law for Layer 0
2*21 tax
2*RMGa
2*21 tah
Physical Description –is physical law for Layer -1
Einstein?
?
?
Layer 0
Layer -1
Layer -2
The Re-Physicalization of Physics
‘
?
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Reductionism truncated
Theory of Relativity
Relativity PrincipleEquivalence Principle
Origin of Relativity
X
Quantum Theory
Particle-Wave-DualismVacuum Fluctuations …
Origin of Particle-WaveTrue structure of particles
X
The Re-Physicalization of Physics
?
Layer 0
Layer -1
Layer -2
Einstein: Heisenberg et al.:
X
!‘
7
www.ag-physics.org 8
Contents
Problems of Present Physics
Changing to Reality Physics
Historical Background of the present paradigm
• General: Reductionism
• Example: Fermat’s Principle
• Example: Special Relativity
• Example: General Relativity
• Example: Origin of Mass
The Re-Physicalization of Physics
8
‘
www.ag-physics.org /structure 9
c1
c2
c1> c2
Fermat: The Principle of minimum time
‘
The Re-Physicalization of Physics
9
=
2
1
sinsin
cc
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Superposition of waves
Minimum time
Reductionism for Fermat
Fermat’s Principle
Huygen’s Principle
Interaction of photons with matter
Electromagnetism
Layer 0
Layer -1
Layer -2
The Re-Physicalization of Physics
10
We can understand the way down from Fermat to Electromagnetism as a way from a principle to Physical Reality ‘
www.ag-physics.org 11
Contents
Problems of Present Physics
Changing to Reality Physics
Historical Background of the present paradigm
• General: Reductionism
• Example: Fermat’s Principle
• Example: Special Relativity
• Example: General Relativity
• Example: Origin of Mass
The Re-Physicalization of Physics
11
‘
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Reductionism applied for Special Relativity
Relativity Theory: Lorentz Transformation
Contraction of fieldsSlow down of oscillations
Structure of fieldsStructure of elementary particles
The Re-Physicalization of Physics
Layer 0
Layer -1
Layer -2
Einstein: Reality physics
‘
12
tvxx ii ' )(' tvxx ii )(' tvxx ii )(' tvxx ii
Galilei-transformationtvxx ii ' (i=1..3)
Extended Galilei-transformation)(' tvxx ii (i=0..3; x0=ct)
(c‘=c; Relativity Principle)
Lorentz Transformation using2211 cv
Structure of sub-particles …
Layer 0
Layer -1
Layer -2
Layer -3
Einstein has interpreted this result as a change of space and time
X
www.ag-physics.org 13
The Elements of Special Relativity
• Contraction
• Dilation
• Increase of Mass
• Energy-Mass Relation
‘
2cmE
The Re-Physicalization of Physics
Lorentz
Structure of matter
Origin of mass
13
www.ag-physics.org 14
Contraction: Contraction of fields of objects
was given by Hendrik Lorentz
2
2
1/1cv
ddd *1'
- is a general property of all kinds of fields -
‘
14
The Re-Physicalization of Physics
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Internal oscillation causes ‘matter waves’frequency: h/E
Structure of an Elementary Particle:History of the internal motion
1908: J. Ziegler Motion at c within an ‘atom’
The Re-Physicalization of Physics
1924: L. de Broglie
1928: P. Dirac Relativistic QM-function of the electron:
1930: E. Schrödinger Evaluation of the Dirac Function: t
txitxH
),(),(
tHpcxtx kkk12)0()(
)1)()0((21 211 iHt
kk eHcpcHi c
zitterbewegung ‘
15
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“Zitterbewegung” (Schrödinger) Completed Structure of an Elementary Particle:
h/E
0m
cv
‘
No conflict with the electron experiments
(de Broglie 1924)
(Dirac / Schrödinger 1928/30)
(Relativity)
2N (Momentum law)
orbit (Spin, mag. moment)
The Re-Physicalization of Physics
16
www.ag-physics.org 17
Dilation:
222 vcq Pythagoras
cRT 2
qRT 2'
2
2
1/1'cv
qc
TT i.e. the Lorentz-Factor
‘
17
The Re-Physicalization of Physics
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Contents
Problems of Present Physics
Changing to Reality Physics
Historical Background of the present paradigm
• General: Reductionism
• Example: Fermat’s Principle
• Example: Special Relativity
• Example: Origin of Mass
• Example: General Relativity
The Re-Physicalization of Physics
18
‘
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The Origin of Mass: Bind of the Basic Particles
‘
302
rrrqKF
The Re-Physicalization of Physics
19
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Bind of the Basic Particles
‘
32
rrqKF
Fr
rF
The Re-Physicalization of Physics
20
www.ag-physics.org /rmass 21
The Mass Equation
The Basic Particle Model : Origin of Mass
‘
cRm
2cmE RcRchhE 2
The classical magnetic moment:
Rec 021
302
rrrqKF
2
1cr
CaF
2cr
1CaFm
Or both equations combined: me
21 0 = Bohr magneton in case of the electron
universally valid for all elem. particles
Radius R computed from the magnetic moment and then inserted above the correct mass m
universal for all elem. particles!
The Re-Physicalization of Physics
21
‘
www.ag-physics.org /rmass 22
Mass and Increase of Mass
Relativity: Origin of Mass
‘
Relativistic increase of mass: From
cRm
2cmE RcRchhE 2
R'RR mmm '
Spin:cR
m
cRm
Classical angular momentum
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Putting the object to motion: 2cdmdE
302
rrrqKF
2
1cr
CaF
2cr
1CaFm
The Re-Physicalization of Physics
22
2cmE
2/rR
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The Origin of Mass Existing Models
‘
The Re-Physicalization of Physics
23
Higgs Boson
Higgs ModelBasic Particle Model
Vacuum fluctuations
Higgs Boson
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Contents
Problems of Present Physics
Changing to Reality Physics
Historical Background of the present paradigm
• General: Reductionism
• Example: Fermat’s Principle
• Example: Special Relativity
• Example: Origin of Mass
• Example: General Relativity
The Re-Physicalization of Physics
24
‘
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Equivalence Principle:Mass Energy Gravity Acceleration
Reductionism for General Relativity
Schwarzschild-Equation
Slow down of ‘c’ Contraction of fieldsSlow down of oscillations
Interaction of Basic Particles with the Strong Field
The Re-Physicalization of Physics
Layer 0
Layer -1
Layer -2
Einstein: Reality physics
‘
25
tvxx ii ' )(' tvxx ii )(' tvxx ii )(' tvxx ii
(spherical field)
Structure of sub-particles …
Layer 0
Layer -1
Layer -2
Layer -3
Einstein has interpreted this result as a change of space and time
Einstein Equation
ababab Tc
GgRR 4
821
222222
2222 sin1
)1( drdrrr
drdtcrr
dcs
s
Schwarzschild-Equation22222
22222 sin
1)1( drdr
rrdrdtc
rr
dcs
s
X
www.ag-physics.org /gravity 26
The Shapiro-Experiment:
‘
c
c
P
crMGcrc
20
0 21)( P=1/2 or 1 depending on direction
The Re-Physicalization of Physics
26
Einstein‘s view: this is a seeming reduction of c
www.ag-physics.org /gravity 27
The gravitational field of the sun:
The application of classical refraction yields for the vertex: 2rMGa
‘
Now: Acceleration at rest!!
P
crMGcrc
20
0 21)(
P=1/2 or 1 depending on direction
The Re-Physicalization of Physics
Integrating deflection from – to + yields: 1.75 arcsec …. with Newton: 0.88 arcsec
27
This was the great breakthrough for Einstein in 1919 (Solar eclipse)!!
Einstein‘s view: the path ís straight but the space is curved
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Elementary Particle in a Gravitational Field (with Vertical Axis):
‘ Gravit.Source
c
c
No dependency of the mass!
The Re-Physicalization of Physics
28
2rMGa
www.ag-physics.org /gravity 29
Why is ‘c’ reduced?
Averagespeed
< c
‘Reduction of c independent of Radius independent of mass
--> by the perturbed path of a light-like particle
The Re-Physicalization of Physics
29
Force is the Strong Force
This solves Quantum Gravity!
www.ag-physics.org /gravity 30
Deflection quantitatively
‘
Deflection (cross speed) depends on original rate, entropy, distance
distance2r1
original rate Nentropy r
(number of
sources)
Single deflections add on in a statistical manner:
Cross speed rNgv x 4
Now the reduction of ‘c’:2
x2
0eff vcc
20
2x
0eff cv1cc
effc
0cxv
20
0eff crNg41cc
The Re-Physicalization of Physics
30
www.ag-physics.org /gravity 31
Deflection quantitatively (2)
‘
effc
0cxv2
00eff cr
Ng41cc
Conforms to Einstein / Schwarzschild (except for N)
...)crNg(
21
crNg21cc 2
20
20
0eff
)crNg21(cc 20
0eff
rNg
2
)(r
cceff
10
The Re-Physicalization of Physics
31
www.ag-physics.org /gravity 32
Changes of space and time?
‘
T = Period time
Tdc
cr
c P
)1(
d
In the gravitational field the quantities change
to:
Tdc
Tr
TP
2
1
)1( (from experiments)
dr
dP
21
)1(
32
The Re-Physicalization of Physics
www.ag-physics.org /gravity 33
(with , and
reordered)
The way to Schwarzschild
‘
222
2 cdtxd
dtdc
Special relativity:
ctx0
(from Lorentz transformation)
2222120 crr)
r1(x)
r1(
22
22
ddtc
dxdc
(if mult. by (dt/d)2)
223,2,1
20 cxx ddxx
222220 c)rr(x (transformed to polar co-ordinates)
Gravity ON:
21)r
1(
222220 c)rr(x
with r)r
1(r 21
(Schröder 9.16)
The Re-Physicalization of Physics
33
www.ag-physics.org 34
Contents
Problems of Present Physics
Changing to Reality Physics
Historical Background of the present paradigm
• General: Reductionism
• Example: Fermat’s Principle
• Example: Special Relativity
• Example: Origin of Mass
• Example: General Relativity
The Re-Physicalization of Physics
34
‘
www.ag-physics.org 35
Contents
Problems of Present Physics
Changing to Reality Physics
Historical Background of the present paradigm
• General: Reductionism
• Example: Fermat’s Principle
• Example: Special Relativity
• Example: Origin of Mass
• Example: General Relativity
The Re-Physicalization of Physics
35
‘
www.ag-physics.org 36
A specific German grammar-schoolcalled “Humanistic Gymnasium”
was standard for intelligent young people until the middle of 20th century
It was mainly related to the ancient Greek philosophy
• Plato
• Aristotle
• …
and the ability for abstract thinking meant a high value
The Re-Physicalization of Physics
36
‘
www.ag-physics.org 37
The structural world of Plato:
‘
Newton:Fout = Fin
The Re-Physicalization of Physics
Fout Plato:Circuit is structural rule
W. Heisenberg: “Quantum mechanics can only be correct if it conforms to the structure ideas of Plato”
Fin
37
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The point of abstraction:
‘
The Re-Physicalization of Physics
Object-related: There are applesAbstraction-related: There is an application of the number of 10
10!
Einstein has learned at school: A person is higher-minded if abstraction-related
38
Einstein was impressed by the “Beauty of the GR-Formalism”
FFgFFT
41
41
ababab Tc
GgRR 4
821
www.ag-physics.org 39
Which way to develop physics?
The Re-Physicalization of Physics
39
‘
Present Paradigm:Following Plato, Heisenberg,
Bohr … to argue with
Symmetries and Principles
Original Paradigm:Following Newton, Lorentz,
deBroglie … to investigate
Processes in Detail
www.ag-physics.org /gravity 40
The End
‘
40
The Re-Physicalization of Physics