The range and scope of The range and scope of computer applicationscomputer applications

1.1. IntroductionIntroduction2.2. Software and hardwareSoftware and hardware

3.3. Types of applicationTypes of application4.4. Expert systemsExpert systems

IntroductionIntroduction

What is Information Technology???What is Information Technology???What is a computer???What is a computer???Why do we study IT?Why do we study IT?Why do we need a computer??Why do we need a computer??

All computer systems havve to have All computer systems havve to have following basic parts:following basic parts:1. Input 1. Input 2. Output2. Output3. Processing3. Processing4. Storage4. Storage

Whenever u see a computer try to think in Whenever u see a computer try to think in terms of these four parts...terms of these four parts...

Try to think of data that is used and what Try to think of data that is used and what the system needs in order to do what it is the system needs in order to do what it is meant to do.meant to do.

Software and hardwareSoftware and hardware Software Software ComputerComputer instructionsinstructions or or datadata. . Written coded commands that tell a computer what tasks Written coded commands that tell a computer what tasks

to perform. For example, Word, PhotoShop, Picture to perform. For example, Word, PhotoShop, Picture Easy, and PhotoDeluxe are software programs Easy, and PhotoDeluxe are software programs

Anything that can be Anything that can be storedstored electronically is software. electronically is software. The programs and instructions which direct a computer. The programs and instructions which direct a computer. The The storagestorage devicesdevices and display devices are and display devices are hardwarehardware. . The distinction between software and hardware is The distinction between software and hardware is

sometimes confusing because they are so integrally sometimes confusing because they are so integrally linked. linked.

Clearly, when you purchase a program, you are buying Clearly, when you purchase a program, you are buying software. But to buy the software, you need to buy the software. But to buy the software, you need to buy the diskdisk (hardware) on which the software is recorded. (hardware) on which the software is recorded.

Software is often divided into two Software is often divided into two categories: categories:

systems softwaresystems software :: Includes the Includes the operating systemoperating system and all the and all the utilitiesutilities that that enable the computer to function. enable the computer to function.

applications softwareapplications software :: Includes programs Includes programs that do real work for users. For example, that do real work for users. For example, word processors, spreadsheets, and word processors, spreadsheets, and database management systems fall under database management systems fall under the category of applications software. the category of applications software.

HardwareHardware

The physical components of a computer The physical components of a computer system-the computer, plotters, printers, system-the computer, plotters, printers, terminals, digitizers, and so on. terminals, digitizers, and so on.

The physical equipment of a computer The physical equipment of a computer system, including the central processing system, including the central processing unit, data-storage devices, terminals and unit, data-storage devices, terminals and printers. printers.

Physical, tangible component of a Physical, tangible component of a computer. computer.

What is a network???What is a network???What about internet???What about internet???Do You have a modem at home???Do You have a modem at home???For what is the modem used for???For what is the modem used for???What is LAN and What is WAN???What is LAN and What is WAN???

When two or more computers are When two or more computers are connected to each other it is called connected to each other it is called network.network.

Internet is global network, consisting out of Internet is global network, consisting out of millions of computers.millions of computers.

ModemModem

Modem is special piece of equipment that Modem is special piece of equipment that allows computers to link to the internet allows computers to link to the internet through the telephone system. through the telephone system.

Short for modulator/demodulator. A Short for modulator/demodulator. A communications device that converts one communications device that converts one form of a signal to another that is suitable form of a signal to another that is suitable for transmission over communication for transmission over communication circuits, typically from digital to analog and circuits, typically from digital to analog and then from analog to digital. then from analog to digital.

LANLAN A computer network limited to the immediate area, A computer network limited to the immediate area,

usually the same building or floor of a building. usually the same building or floor of a building. Communications network connecting computers by wire, Communications network connecting computers by wire,

cable, or fiber optics link. Usually serves parts of an cable, or fiber optics link. Usually serves parts of an organization located close to one another, generally in organization located close to one another, generally in the same building or within 2 miles of one another. the same building or within 2 miles of one another. Allows users to share software, hardware and data. Allows users to share software, hardware and data.

is a data network used to connect nodes that are is a data network used to connect nodes that are geographically close, usually within the same building. In geographically close, usually within the same building. In a wider view of a local area network, multiple local area a wider view of a local area network, multiple local area networks are interconnected in a geographically compact networks are interconnected in a geographically compact area (such as a university campus), usually by attaching area (such as a university campus), usually by attaching the LANs to a higher-speed local backbone. the LANs to a higher-speed local backbone.

WANWAN A wide area network (WAN) is a geographically A wide area network (WAN) is a geographically

dispersed telecommunications network. The dispersed telecommunications network. The term distinguishes a broader telecommunication term distinguishes a broader telecommunication structure from a local area network. A wide area structure from a local area network. A wide area network may be privately owned or rented, but network may be privately owned or rented, but the term usually connotes the inclusion of public the term usually connotes the inclusion of public (shared user) networks. An intermediate form of (shared user) networks. An intermediate form of network in terms of geography is a metropolitan network in terms of geography is a metropolitan area network (MAN). area network (MAN).

Group of computers located geographically Group of computers located geographically apart, usually belonging to a single company or apart, usually belonging to a single company or organisation, connected together using organisation, connected together using dedicated lines or by satellite to simulate a local dedicated lines or by satellite to simulate a local network. network.

Types of applicationTypes of application

Computers are found everywhere around Computers are found everywhere around us.us.

Of some u are even not aware of.Of some u are even not aware of.They range from enormously large once to They range from enormously large once to

tiny microprocessors. tiny microprocessors.Micro processors are programmed to do Micro processors are programmed to do

just one thing such as control the washing just one thing such as control the washing machine.machine.

Expert systemsExpert systems

Special type of computer systems that stores all Special type of computer systems that stores all the knowledge of an expert in a particular the knowledge of an expert in a particular subject so that people can ask it questions.subject so that people can ask it questions.

If the system can remember things and choose If the system can remember things and choose better option then it is said to have artificial better option then it is said to have artificial intelligence.intelligence.

Knowledge in an expert system does not changeKnowledge in an expert system does not change A system with artificial intelligence is able to A system with artificial intelligence is able to

learn.learn.