The Race to the New World

Why search for new lands?

A. Reasons– 1. Space

a. growth of population b. Food runs out/need new land

– 2. Fame and Fortune a. 700-1000 A.D. Vikings b. 982 Eric the Red c. 1001 Leif to Vinland

3. How do we Know?

a. saga’s b. map c. L’Anse Aux Meadows d. carbon dating e. archaeology-nail

B. Pull of Religion

1. Life in the Middle Ages– a. most lived on manors– b. serfs

2. Feudalism-Rule by lords.

a. King b. Lords c. Knights d. Peasants

3. The Church- Roman Catholic

a. mission to save souls-spread Christianity b. Pope leads the Church

– i. Pope, Cardinals, Bishops/Monsignor, friar Tuck

4. Free the Holy Land

– a. 1071 Seljuk Turks capture Jerusalem

– b. They are Muslim-follow the teachings of Mohammad-Allah

– c. 1095 Pope Urban II -Peace of God-Christians stop fighting Christians free Holy Land

– d. Crusade=Holy War=Jihad

– e. Competition to save souls

II. Effects of the Crusades on Exploration

A. Mixture of Cultures– 1. Crusades expand European’s knowledge

a. spices b. trade c. sailing

2. Ptolemy’s book– a. Greek Scholar– b. World is round– c. latitude and longitude

3. Inventions– a. Astrolabe-Position

by stars

– b. magnetic compass- true north

– c. caravel- tacking

III. Where to go for new lands?

A. Marco Polo– 1. Genoa in Italy

– 2. 1270 travels with pop to China

– 3. riches of the silk road

– 4. Italy has claim

C. Impact of the Renaissance on Exploration

1. Prince Henry the Navigator– a. school for navigation

at Sagres Portugal

– b. patronage

– c. collect ancient and new knowledge in one place

B. Portuguese

1. School for sailing 2. 1488 Bartolomeau

Dias- Cape of Good Hope

3. 1497 Vasco Da Gama India

C. Christopher Columbus

1. October 12, 1492- West Indies. 2. A success?

– a. First?– b. Indies? Indians?

3. Importance

– a. opens the floodgate of European exploration of the “new world”

IV. The Race is on.

A. Participants– 1. Portugal

a. First out of the gate b. Dias 1488 c. Cabral 1500

– 2. Spain a. Christopher 1492 b. Balboa 1513

3. England– a. Cabot 1497

4. France– a. Verazano 1524

5. The Netherlands– a. Hudson 1609

B. Reasons

1. New route to the riches of Indies– a. West Indies- Columbus’ mistake– b mythical northwest passage

2. New Lands– a. resources

B. Renaissance

1. Return to the light of Rome

2. Civilization-1455-Gutenberg’s Movable type- Bible

3. Nation States 4. Period of Learning

3. Religion – a. save souls

– b. line of demarcation

– c. religious freedom / escape persecution

C. Rivalries

1. Country vs. Country– a. England vs. Spain

– b. Sea Dogs

– 1588 Spanish Armada

2. Church vs. Church– a. 1517 Reformation

– b. Catholic vs. Protestant