The Quantum Mechanical Model of the Atom. Schrodinger The quantum mechanical model determines the...
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Transcript of The Quantum Mechanical Model of the Atom. Schrodinger The quantum mechanical model determines the...
The Quantum Mechanical Model of the Atom
Schrodinger
• The quantum mechanical model determines the energy an electron can have and the PROBABILITY of finding an electron in a certain location.
• Like a plane propeller– Where we get “electron cloud” phrase
Atomic OrbitalsVocab to know:
1. Atomic orbitals: where you’re most likely to find an electron, designated by a letter, s p d or f
2. Energy level: Tells you whether an electron has lots of NRG or just a little. -Low #, Close to nucleus, low NRG
3. Sublevel: consists of a number AND a letter. The number IS the principal energy level / quantum number; the letter IS the orbital—tells you the shape of the orbitals
Each orbital can hold a
maximum of 2 electrons!
Orbitals
The letters in the energy levels always occur in this order:
s, p, d, f
Yes, they are LOWERCASE letters!
Orbital Shapes• Designated with letters s, p, d, and f• s = spherical shaped. There is just one possible
orbital. How many electrons can the s orbital hold?
• p = dumbell shaped. There are 3 possible orbitals. How many electrons can the p orbital hold?
• d = Shaped like a Rubic’s cube. 5 possible orbitals
• f = Weirdly shaped. 7 possible orbitals
How do principal energy levels, energy sublevels, and orbitals all
tie together?Principal NRG level = 1
THENThere is 1 sublevel
ANDThat sublevel is 1s
SOIt can hold a maximum of 2 electrons
Look at this one:If the principal energy level is 2There are 2 sublevelsThey are 2s and 2p
s indicates 1 orbital, can hold 2 e-p indicates 3 orbitals, can hold 6e-
The maximum electrons in energy level 2 is 8 electrons!
YOU TRY!If the principal energy level is 3:
How many sublevels?
What are they?
What is the maximum number of electrons?
Again! Yea!
If the principal energy level is 4:
How many sublevels?
What are they?
Max # of electrons?
Electron Configurations
Na (11)
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1
An electron configuration is a map that tells you where the electrons are located!
Aufbau Principle
The lowest energy levels fill first!
Pauli Exclusion Principle
There are 2 electrons in each orbital; they have opposite spins, that are designated
by up and down arrows:
Hund’s Rule
One electron enters each orbital in a sublevel until each one has one, then
start adding the second electrons.