The Quality Systems in the field of Explosion Proof Equipment
-
Upload
chrisskyan -
Category
Documents
-
view
215 -
download
0
Transcript of The Quality Systems in the field of Explosion Proof Equipment
8/7/2019 The Quality Systems in the field of Explosion Proof Equipment
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/the-quality-systems-in-the-field-of-explosion-proof-equipment 1/31
specialist in ex-proof electrical equipment
introduces :
The Quality Systems inThe Quality Systems in
the field of Explosionthe field of ExplosionProof EquipmentProof Equipment
8/7/2019 The Quality Systems in the field of Explosion Proof Equipment
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/the-quality-systems-in-the-field-of-explosion-proof-equipment 2/31
8/7/2019 The Quality Systems in the field of Explosion Proof Equipment
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/the-quality-systems-in-the-field-of-explosion-proof-equipment 3/31
The Hazard TriangleThe Hazard Triangle
OXYG
EN
SPARK / IGNITION
EXPLOSIONEXPLOSION
C O M B U S T I B L E
G A S
8/7/2019 The Quality Systems in the field of Explosion Proof Equipment
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/the-quality-systems-in-the-field-of-explosion-proof-equipment 4/31
Sources of IgnitionSources of Ignition• A source of energy is all that is needed to touch off an explosion
when flammable gases or combustible dusts are mixed in theproper proportion with air.
• Equipment :
switches
circuit breakers
motor starters
push button stationsplug/receptacles
Can produce arcs or
sparks in normaloperation when contacts
are open & close
8/7/2019 The Quality Systems in the field of Explosion Proof Equipment
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/the-quality-systems-in-the-field-of-explosion-proof-equipment 5/31
What are Hazardous LocationsWhat are Hazardous Locations
• The identification of a danger zone in a chemical or
petrochemical plant should be carried out by highly qualifiedpersonnel. Normally process managers, who establish wherein the plant there is a presence of either a continuous oroccasional explosive atmosphere.
• The most frequent danger points are found where there is apossibility of inflammable gas leaks, that can occur duringnormal operation or due to a breakdown.
• The classification is determined by the quantity of gas present
in given zone.
8/7/2019 The Quality Systems in the field of Explosion Proof Equipment
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/the-quality-systems-in-the-field-of-explosion-proof-equipment 6/31
Basic PrinciplesBasic Principles
• To define the various hazard zones in the interior of aplant (Zones/Groups)
• Flash point and self-inflammation temperature in ºc
for gases, self flammation temperature in layers or inclouds for dust
• To select the choice of electrical equipments that canbe installed in that zone to ward off the danger ofexplosions caused by accidental sparks or surfaceoverheating
8/7/2019 The Quality Systems in the field of Explosion Proof Equipment
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/the-quality-systems-in-the-field-of-explosion-proof-equipment 7/31
The marking systemThe marking system
CE marking which certifies conformity
Notified Body identification code (e.g. : 0081 = LCIE)
Distinctive community marking
for equipment usable on potentially explosive atmosphere
Equipment Group (used in surface industry)
Equipment category (for Zone 1)
Gas and/or Dust
Temperature
class
0081 II 2 G e/o D T6 IP66
Example marking required by the new directive ATEX 94/9/CE
IP protection
degree
EEx-e
Method of
protection
8/7/2019 The Quality Systems in the field of Explosion Proof Equipment
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/the-quality-systems-in-the-field-of-explosion-proof-equipment 8/31
CENELECCENELEC(European Committee for Electro Technical Standardization)
Some of specialized laboratories recognized by theEEC in Europe :
• BASEEFA U.K.
• LCIE France
• CESI Italy
• DEMKO Denmark
• ISSeP (INIEX) Belgium• KEMA Holland
• PTB Germany
8/7/2019 The Quality Systems in the field of Explosion Proof Equipment
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/the-quality-systems-in-the-field-of-explosion-proof-equipment 9/31
Equipment GroupsEquipment Groups
Place of Use Group Areas Representative Gas
Minessusceptible tofiredamp
I Gaseous mines Methane
Surfaceindustries
II A Surface Propane
II B
II B + H2
Ethylene
Hydrogen
II C Hydrogen and orAcetylene
8/7/2019 The Quality Systems in the field of Explosion Proof Equipment
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/the-quality-systems-in-the-field-of-explosion-proof-equipment 10/31
Hazardous Areas ClassificationHazardous Areas Classification
8/7/2019 The Quality Systems in the field of Explosion Proof Equipment
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/the-quality-systems-in-the-field-of-explosion-proof-equipment 11/31
Equipment Categories andEquipment Categories andHazardous Areas ClassificationHazardous Areas Classification
equipment
category
hazardous
areasdescription
1 G ZONE 0 An area in which the mixture of explosive gas is constantlypresent (ex. The inside of fuel tank).
2 G ZONE 1
An area in which a mixture of explosive gas may be
present during the normal operation of the plant (max 10hours / year)
3 G ZONE 2An area in which the mixture of explosive gas is notnormally present, but is only present for brief periods oftime. (max 1 hour / year)
Gas / VapourGas / Vapour
8/7/2019 The Quality Systems in the field of Explosion Proof Equipment
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/the-quality-systems-in-the-field-of-explosion-proof-equipment 12/31
Equipment Categories andEquipment Categories andHazardous Areas ClassificationHazardous Areas Classification
equipment
category
hazardous
areasdescription
1 D ZONE 20 An area in which the mixture of explosive powder isconstantly present (ex. Centrifugal dust separator).
2 D ZONE 21An area in which a mixture of explosive powder may bepresent during the normal operation of the plant (max 10hours / year)
3 D ZONE 22 An area in which the mixture of explosive powder is notnormally present, but is only present for brief periods oftime. (max 1 hour / year)
DustDust
8/7/2019 The Quality Systems in the field of Explosion Proof Equipment
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/the-quality-systems-in-the-field-of-explosion-proof-equipment 13/31
ExplosionExplosion--proof Standardproof Standard““Method of ProtectionMethod of Protection””
General Rules Permitted inZone
Oil immersed Ex “o” Zone 1, 2
Inside Pressure Ex “p” Zone 1, 2Construction under sand Ex “q” Zone 1 ,2
Explosion-proof housing Ex “d” Zone 1 ,2
Increased Safety Ex “e” Zone 1 ,2
Intrinsic Safety Ex “i” Zone 0, 1 ,2
Encapsulation Ex “m” Zone 1 ,2
8/7/2019 The Quality Systems in the field of Explosion Proof Equipment
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/the-quality-systems-in-the-field-of-explosion-proof-equipment 14/31
ExplosionExplosion--proof Standardproof Standard““Method of ProtectionMethod of Protection””
EEx-i
Intrinsic Safety
Designed to limit
the ignition energy
of the circuitZone 0 – 20 – 1 – 21 – 2 - 22
8/7/2019 The Quality Systems in the field of Explosion Proof Equipment
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/the-quality-systems-in-the-field-of-explosion-proof-equipment 15/31
ExplosionExplosion--proof Standardproof Standard““Method of ProtectionMethod of Protection””
EEx-d
Explosion-Proof Housing-Contain internal explotion
-Explotion cannot transmitted outside enclosure
-Cabel fitting must have 5 treads engaged
Designed to contain theexplosion (flame) inside
the enclosure
Zone 1 – 21 – 2 - 22
8/7/2019 The Quality Systems in the field of Explosion Proof Equipment
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/the-quality-systems-in-the-field-of-explosion-proof-equipment 16/31
ExplosionExplosion--proof Standardproof Standard““Method of ProtectionMethod of Protection””
EEx-eIncreased Safety
1.Must use high impact resistant materials
FRP/GRP will not hold static charge
2.Internal components cannot produce arcs or
sparks3.Has special air and line leakage and creapage
distances
4.Control internal and external temperature.
External <= 85 deg Cel (T6).
Designed to prevent
any ignition from
arising
Zone 1 – 21 – 2 - 22
8/7/2019 The Quality Systems in the field of Explosion Proof Equipment
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/the-quality-systems-in-the-field-of-explosion-proof-equipment 17/31
ExplosionExplosion--proof Standardproof Standard““Method of ProtectionMethod of Protection””
EEx-qPowder Filling
EEx-mEncapsulation
EEx-pPressurization
EEx-oOil Immersion
Designed to prevent the flammable
Mixture reaching a mean of ignition Zone 1 – 21 – 2 - 22
8/7/2019 The Quality Systems in the field of Explosion Proof Equipment
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/the-quality-systems-in-the-field-of-explosion-proof-equipment 18/31
ExplosionExplosion--proof Standardproof Standard““Method of ProtectionMethod of Protection””
EEx-n
Restricted Breathing “n” Equipment (Non Sparking)1.Equipment has no normally arcing parts
2.Enclosure restricts ingress of hazardous gases
3.Thermal effects incapable of ignition
Designed to preventany ignition from
arising
Zone 2 - 22
8/7/2019 The Quality Systems in the field of Explosion Proof Equipment
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/the-quality-systems-in-the-field-of-explosion-proof-equipment 19/31
Temperature class T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6
Maximum Surface 450ºc 300ºc 200ºc 135ºc 100ºc 85ºc
TemperaturesTemperatures
HOT COOLER
T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6
T1 T2 T2 A T2 B T2 C T2 D T3 T3 A T3 B T3 C T4 T4 A T5 T6
450° 300° 200° 135° 100° 85°
450° 300° 280° 260° 230° 215° 200° 180° 165° 160° 135° 120° 100° 85°
Different temperature classification betweenDifferent temperature classification between U.E.U.E. andand U.S.A.U.S.A. standardsstandards
8/7/2019 The Quality Systems in the field of Explosion Proof Equipment
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/the-quality-systems-in-the-field-of-explosion-proof-equipment 20/31
Classification of the Hazardous AreasClassification of the Hazardous AreasAmerican StandardAmerican Standard
Division 1 The danger can exist during normal operation
Division 2 The danger could exist only in case of breakdown
CLASS I Gas or Vapours (Groups A – B – C – D)
CLASS II Powders (Groups E – F – G)
CLASS III Fibers
8/7/2019 The Quality Systems in the field of Explosion Proof Equipment
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/the-quality-systems-in-the-field-of-explosion-proof-equipment 21/31
Differences between the EuropeanDifferences between the Europeanand north America Methodsand north America Methods
Div. 2 – Class IDivision 1 – Class I
ZONE 2ZONE 1ZONE 0IEC / EUROPE
USA / CANADA
BREAKDOWNINTERMITTENTPRESENCE
COSTANTLYPRESENCE
Div. 2 – Class IIDivision 1 – Class II
ZONE 22ZONE 21ZONE 20IEC / EUROPE
USA / CANADA
BREAKDOWNINTERMITTENTPRESENCE
COSTANTLYPRESENCE
Note : The fibers – Class III – are still not specified by European Standards
8/7/2019 The Quality Systems in the field of Explosion Proof Equipment
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/the-quality-systems-in-the-field-of-explosion-proof-equipment 22/31
Advantages & Disadvantages ofAdvantages & Disadvantages ofExEx ““dd”” and Exand Ex ““ee””
Advantages Disadvantages
EEx-d • capable of withholding a possible
internal explosion and prevent itstransmission to the atmosphereoutside the housing
• higher class of protection
• easily available and cheapercomponents
• maintenance more complicated
(e.g. difficult to change fluorescent tubes)
• piped plant (where requested)complicated
EEx-e • easy installation
• pleasant appearance• safety cut-off switch
• high cost of spare parts (components
must be Ex type)• frequent and costant maintenance
(e.g. seal)
8/7/2019 The Quality Systems in the field of Explosion Proof Equipment
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/the-quality-systems-in-the-field-of-explosion-proof-equipment 23/31
Examples of ExplosionExamples of ExplosionProof EquipmentProof Equipment
8/7/2019 The Quality Systems in the field of Explosion Proof Equipment
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/the-quality-systems-in-the-field-of-explosion-proof-equipment 24/31
EExEEx--dd
Junction boxes
EJB Series
Material: Aluminium
GUB Series
Material: Aluminium
8/7/2019 The Quality Systems in the field of Explosion Proof Equipment
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/the-quality-systems-in-the-field-of-explosion-proof-equipment 25/31
EExEEx--dd
Distribution boards
Material: Aluminium – Stainless steel
8/7/2019 The Quality Systems in the field of Explosion Proof Equipment
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/the-quality-systems-in-the-field-of-explosion-proof-equipment 26/31
Lighting fixtures
EExEEx--dd
RCDE
Material: Aluminium
EVFEVAC
EJB08
8/7/2019 The Quality Systems in the field of Explosion Proof Equipment
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/the-quality-systems-in-the-field-of-explosion-proof-equipment 27/31
EExEEx--e / EExe / EEx--ii Junction boxes
Materials: GRP – Stainless steel - Aluminium
8/7/2019 The Quality Systems in the field of Explosion Proof Equipment
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/the-quality-systems-in-the-field-of-explosion-proof-equipment 28/31
EExEEx--eded
SA/C
Lighting Fixture / Control Station
Materials: GRP – Stainless steel - Aluminium
AVFMaterial: GRP
8/7/2019 The Quality Systems in the field of Explosion Proof Equipment
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/the-quality-systems-in-the-field-of-explosion-proof-equipment 29/31
EExEEx--dede
CCAC
Lighting fixtures / Control stations / Distribution Boards
SFDEMaterial: Aluminium
Materials: GRP – Stainless steel - Aluminium
(detailed view)
8/7/2019 The Quality Systems in the field of Explosion Proof Equipment
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/the-quality-systems-in-the-field-of-explosion-proof-equipment 30/31
EExEEx--d / EExd / EEx--e / EExe / EEx--ii
Cable glands
Materials :
Nickelplated brass – GRP
Stainless steel – Galvanized steel
8/7/2019 The Quality Systems in the field of Explosion Proof Equipment
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/the-quality-systems-in-the-field-of-explosion-proof-equipment 31/31
Thank You for your kind attention !!!