THE PUNIC WARS 264-146 BCE. The Punic Wars (264-146 BCE) © Student Handouts, Inc. .
The Punic Wars. Prior to the Punic Wars, Rome battled with its neighbors to expand. Greece had many...
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Transcript of The Punic Wars. Prior to the Punic Wars, Rome battled with its neighbors to expand. Greece had many...
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The Punic Wars
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• Prior to the Punic Wars, Rome battled with its neighbors to expand. Greece had many colonies in southern Italy which was known as Magna Graecia.
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• The Celts invaded from the north, sacking Rome in 390 B.C.E.
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• One positive that arose was Rome created a huge system of roads to connect all of its empire. One of the most important roads that was built during the republic was the Via Appia or Appian Way.
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• Also, such constant fighting led to dramatic innovations in the Roman military.
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• For instance, the Romans developed the corvus on their ships, allowing sailors to connect their ship to that of an enemy by means of a plank and hook.
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• The Punic Wars consisted of three separate wars fought by the Romans against Carthage from 264-146 B.C.E.
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• Why “Punic” if the wars were against Carthage? In Latin, the people from Carthage were called the “Peoni” and anything related to them was Punic.
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• The First Punic Wars were fought from 264-241 B.C.E. Each side lost nearly 100,000 men. In the end, Rome won and added Sicily, Sardinia and Corsica to its territories.
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• The Second Punic War was fought from 218-202 B.C.E. This time the Carthaginians were led by Hannibal, the sworn enemy of Rome.
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• To give his side greater strength, Hannibal employed a number of war elephants against the Romans.
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• In a stroke of genius, Hannibal surprised Rome by crossing over through Spain and attacking from the North.
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• To do so, Hannibal and his war elephants had to cross over the Italian Alps.
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• For quite some time, Hannibal was very successful. Indeed, in the Battle of Cannae in 216 B.C.E., the Romans lost 80,000 soldiers in just one day.
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• However, the Romans held out and eventually Hannibal’s supplies were cut off and his army depleted. The Romans were led by a general named Scipio who forced Hannibal back to Carthage to defend his homeland.
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• Scipio routed the Carthaginians. Rome demanded that Hannibal be turned over but he escaped and eventually committed suicide.
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• About 50 years later in 146 B.C.E., war broke out again between Rome and Carthage in what is now known as The Third Punic War.
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• Carthage was throttled again. After 100 years of on again, off again, war with Carthage, the Romans had enough.
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• As you will see, you do not want to get the Romans to the point where they have had enough.
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• First, Carthage was captured and burned to the ground.
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• Anyone still living was sold into slavery.
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• Then, the charred ruins of the city were smashed up and the area was ploughed up.
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• Finally, to make sure nothing would grow there again, the Romans sowed salt into the ground.
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• By the end of the Punic Wars, Rome had established itself as the major power of the western Mediterranean…
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• …with a future eye on the world.