THE PROPANE TECHNICAL POCKET GUIDE - Mulhern Gas · 2019. 9. 8. · The Propane Technical Pocket...
Transcript of THE PROPANE TECHNICAL POCKET GUIDE - Mulhern Gas · 2019. 9. 8. · The Propane Technical Pocket...
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THE PROPANE TECHNICALPOCKET GUIDE
www.nypropane.com
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The Propane Technical Pocket Guide
The Propane Technical Pocket Guide is intended to be a general reference of information on preparing for the installation of propane systems. It provides key data and answers important questions that are relevant to construction professionals planning to incorporate propane in their construction projects.
This guide is not intended to conflict with federal, state, or local ordinances or pertinent industry regulations, including National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) 54 and 58. These should be observed at all times.
The Propane Technical Pocket Guide must not be considered a replacement for proper training on the installation and start-up of propane systems. Propane system installations should always be performed by trained propane professionals. For more information go to propanesafety.com.
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Table of Contents
2 PROFESSIONALLY ACCREDITED TRAINING
3 PROPERTIES OF GAS
6 VAPOR PRESSURE OF GAS
7 DETERMINING TOTAL LOAD
9 VAPORIZATION RATES
11 CONTAINER LOCATION AND INSTALLATION
14 PIPE AND TUBING SIZING
16 GAS PIPING INLET POSITIONING
17 CONVERSION FACTORS
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Professionally Accredited Training
The Propane Education & Research Council (PERC) provides free AIA-, NAHB-, USGBC-, and NARI-approved continuing education courses. Fulfill your CEU requirements today at buildwithpropane.com/training.
Energy Efficiency• GoGreenWithPropane:AnOverviewofPropaneGasSystemsfor
GreenResidentialConstruction
• Propane-EnhancedRenewableEnergySystems
• ResidentialEnergyPerformanceUpgrades:AnEnergy,Economic,andEnvironmentalAnalysis
• Understandingthe2009IECCEnergyCode,AdvancedEfficiencyPrograms,andTheirImplicationsforPropane
• EnergyandEnvironmentalAnalysisofPropaneEnergyPodHomes
Generators• SpecifyingPropaneStandbyGenerators:InstallationandValue
Considerations
• LivingOff-Grid:PowerGenerationandStorageBasics
Heating• AComparativeAnalysisofResidentialHeatingSystems
• HydronicHeatinginRuralResidentialApplications
• PropaneEnhancedSolarWaterHeating
• RetrofittingHomesfromHeatingOiltoPropane:Efficiency,Economic,andEnvironmentalBenefits
• HeatingOilConversion:ExploringPropaneasaViableAlternativeEnergySource
Outdoor Living• ExpandingOutdoorLiving:UsingPropaneforEfficientand
SustainableOutdoorLiving
• InnovationsWithPropaneGasforOutdoorResidentialUse
Propane Systems• CommunityPropaneTanks:Economical,Environmentally
ResponsibleEnergyWithoutGeographicLimits
• PropaneGasUndergroundSystems:ResidentialInfrastructureRequirementsandEnergyBenefits
Water Heating• AComparativeAnalysisofResidentialWaterHeatingSystems
• WaterHeaters:RetrofittingfromStandardElectrictoGasTankless
• CondensingTanklessWaterHeaters:UsingPropanefortheMostEfficientWaterHeatersontheMarket
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Professionally Accredited Training
The Propane Education & Research Council (PERC) provides free AIA-, NAHB-, USGBC-, and NARI-approved continuing education courses. Fulfill your CEU requirements today at buildwithpropane.com/training.
Energy Efficiency• GoGreenWithPropane:AnOverviewofPropaneGasSystemsfor
GreenResidentialConstruction
• Propane-EnhancedRenewableEnergySystems
• ResidentialEnergyPerformanceUpgrades:AnEnergy,Economic,andEnvironmentalAnalysis
• Understandingthe2009IECCEnergyCode,AdvancedEfficiencyPrograms,andTheirImplicationsforPropane
• EnergyandEnvironmentalAnalysisofPropaneEnergyPodHomes
Generators• SpecifyingPropaneStandbyGenerators:InstallationandValue
Considerations
• LivingOff-Grid:PowerGenerationandStorageBasics
Heating• AComparativeAnalysisofResidentialHeatingSystems
• HydronicHeatinginRuralResidentialApplications
• PropaneEnhancedSolarWaterHeating
• RetrofittingHomesfromHeatingOiltoPropane:Efficiency,Economic,andEnvironmentalBenefits
• HeatingOilConversion:ExploringPropaneasaViableAlternativeEnergySource
Outdoor Living• ExpandingOutdoorLiving:UsingPropaneforEfficientand
SustainableOutdoorLiving
• InnovationsWithPropaneGasforOutdoorResidentialUse
Propane Systems• CommunityPropaneTanks:Economical,Environmentally
ResponsibleEnergyWithoutGeographicLimits
• PropaneGasUndergroundSystems:ResidentialInfrastructureRequirementsandEnergyBenefits
Water Heating• AComparativeAnalysisofResidentialWaterHeatingSystems
• WaterHeaters:RetrofittingfromStandardElectrictoGasTankless
• CondensingTanklessWaterHeaters:UsingPropanefortheMostEfficientWaterHeatersontheMarket
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Table 1A. Approximate Properties of Gases (English)
PROPERTYPropane NaturalGas
C3H8 CH4
InitialBoilingPoint -44 -259
SpecificGravityofLiquid(Waterat1.0)at60°F
0.504 n/a
WeightperGallonofLiquidat60°F,LB
4.2 n/a
SpecificHeatofLiquid,Btu/LBat60°F
0.63 n/a
CubicFeetofVaporperGallonat60°F
36.38 n/a
CubicFeetofVaporperPoundat60°F
8.66 23.55
SpecificGravityofVapor(Air=1.0)at60°F
1.5 0.6
IgnitionTemperatureinAir,°F 920–1120 1301
MaximumFlameTemperatureinAir,°F
3595 2834
CubicFeetofAirRequiredtoBurnOneCubicFootofGas
23.68 9.57
LimitsofFlammabilityinAir,%ofVaporinAir-GasMix:(a)Lower(b)Upper
2.159.6
515
LatentHeatofVaporizationatBoilingPoint:(a)BtuperPound(b)BtuperGallon
184773
219n/a
TotalHeatingValuesAfterVaporization:(a)BtuperCubicFoot(b)BtuperPound(c)BtuperGallon
2,48821,54891,502
1,01228,875n/a
Properties of Propane and Natural Gas (Methane)
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Table 1B. Approximate Properties of Gases (Metric)
PROPERTYPropane NaturalGas
C3H8 CH4
InitialBoilingPoint,°C -42 -162
SpecificGravityofLiquid(Waterat1.0)at15.56°C
0.504 n/a
WeightperCubicMeterofLiquidat15.56°C,kg
504 n/a
SpecificHeatofLiquid,Kilojoule/Kilogramat15.56°C
1.464 n/a
CubicMeterofVaporperLiterat15.56°C
0.271 n/a
CubicMeterofVaporperKilogramat15.56°C
0.539 1.470
SpecificGravityofVapor(Air=1.0)at15.56°C
1.50 0.56
IgnitionTemperatureinAir,ºC 493–604 705
MaximumFlameTemperatureinAir,ºC
1,980 1,557
CubicMetersofAirRequiredtoBurnOneCubicMeterofGas
23.86 9.57
LimitsofFlammabilityinAir,%ofVaporinAir-GasMix:(a)Lower(b)Upper
2.159.6
5.015.0
LatentHeatofVaporizationatBoilingPoint:(a)KilojouleperKilogram(b)KilojouleperLiter
428216
509n/a
TotalHeatingValuesAfterVaporization:(a)KilojouleperCubicMeter(b)KilojouleperKilogram(c)KilojouleperLiter
92,43049,92025,140
37,70655,533n/a
Properties of Gas (Continued)
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Table 1B. Approximate Properties of Gases (Metric)
PROPERTYPropane NaturalGas
C3H8 CH4
InitialBoilingPoint,°C -42 -162
SpecificGravityofLiquid(Waterat1.0)at15.56°C
0.504 n/a
WeightperCubicMeterofLiquidat15.56°C,kg
504 n/a
SpecificHeatofLiquid,Kilojoule/Kilogramat15.56°C
1.464 n/a
CubicMeterofVaporperLiterat15.56°C
0.271 n/a
CubicMeterofVaporperKilogramat15.56°C
0.539 1.470
SpecificGravityofVapor(Air=1.0)at15.56°C
1.50 0.56
IgnitionTemperatureinAir,ºC 493–604 705
MaximumFlameTemperatureinAir,ºC
1,980 1,557
CubicMetersofAirRequiredtoBurnOneCubicMeterofGas
23.86 9.57
LimitsofFlammabilityinAir,%ofVaporinAir-GasMix:(a)Lower(b)Upper
2.159.6
5.015.0
LatentHeatofVaporizationatBoilingPoint:(a)KilojouleperKilogram(b)KilojouleperLiter
428216
509n/a
TotalHeatingValuesAfterVaporization:(a)KilojouleperCubicMeter(b)KilojouleperKilogram(c)KilojouleperLiter
92,43049,92025,140
37,70655,533n/a
Properties of Gas (Continued)
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Table 1C. Energy Content and Environmental Impact of Various Energy Sources
Propane(perft3)
Methane Propane(pergallon)
FuelOil Electricity
EnergyValue2,524Btu/ft3
1,012Btu/ft3
91,500Btu/gal
139,400Btu/gal
3,413Btu/kWh
CO2emis-sions(lbs/MMBtu)
139.2 115.3 139.2 161.4 389.5
SourceEnergyMultipliers*
1.151 1.092 1.151 1.158 3.365
*SourceEnergyMultiplieristhetotalunitsofenergythatgointogeneration,processing,anddeliveryforaparticularenergysourcetoproduceoneunitofenergyatthesite.
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Table 2. Vapor Pressures
TEMPERATUREApproximateVaporPressure,PSIG(bar)
PropanetoButane
ºF ºC 100% 80/20 60/40 50/50 40/60 20/80 100%
-40 -40 3.6(0,25) - - - - - -
-30 -34,4 8(0,55)4.5
(0,31) - - - - -
-20 -28,9 13.5(0,93)9.2
(0,63)4.9
(0,34)1.9
(0,13) - - -
-10 -23,3 20(1,4)16(1,1)
9(0,62)
6(0,41)
3.5(0,24) - -
0 -17,8 28(1,9)22(1,5)
15(1,0)
11(0,76)
7.3(0,50) - -
10 -12,2 37(2,6)29(2,0)
20(1,4)
17(1,2)
13(0,90)
3.4(0,23) -
20 -6,7 47(3,2)36(2,5)
28(1,9)
23(1,6)
18(1,2)
7.4(0,51) -
30 -1,1 58(4,0)45(3,1)
35(2,4)
29(2,0)
24(1,7)
13(0,9) -
40 4,4 72(5,0)58(4,0)
44(3,0)
37(2,6)
32(2,2)
18(1,2)
3(0,21)
50 10 86(5,9)69(4,8)
53(3,7)
46(3,2)
40(2,8)
24(1,7)
6.9(0,58)
60 15,6 102(7,0)80(5,5)
65(4,5)
56(3,9)
49(3,4)
30(2,1)
12(0,83)
70 21,1 127(8,8)95(6,6)
78(5,4)
68(4,7)
59(4,1)
38(2,6)
17(1,2)
80 26,7 140(9,7)125(8,6)
90(6,2)
80(5,5)
70(4,8)
46(3,2)
23(1,6)
90 32,2 165(11,4)140(9,7)
112(7,7)
95(6,6)
82(5,7)
56(3,9)
29(2,0)
100 37,8 196(13,5)168(11,6)
137(9,4)
123(8,5)
100(6,9)
69(4,8)
36(2,5)
110 43,3 220(15,2)185(12,8)
165(11,4)
148(10,2)
130(9,0)
80(5,5)
45(3,1)
TableadaptedfromLP-GasServiceman’sHandbook2012
Vapor Pressure of Gas
Vaporpressurecanbedefinedastheforceexertedbyagasorliquidattemptingtoescapefromacontainer.Thispressuremovesgasalongthepipeortubingtotheapplianceburner.
Outsidetemperaturegreatlyaffectscontainerpressure.Lowertemperaturemeanslowercontainerpressure.Toolowacontainerpressuremeansthatnotenoughgasisabletogettotheappliance.
Thetablebelowshowsvaporpressuresforpropaneandbutaneatvariousoutsidetemperatures.
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Table 2. Vapor Pressures
TEMPERATUREApproximateVaporPressure,PSIG(bar)
PropanetoButane
ºF ºC 100% 80/20 60/40 50/50 40/60 20/80 100%
-40 -40 3.6(0,25) - - - - - -
-30 -34,4 8(0,55)4.5
(0,31) - - - - -
-20 -28,9 13.5(0,93)9.2
(0,63)4.9
(0,34)1.9
(0,13) - - -
-10 -23,3 20(1,4)16(1,1)
9(0,62)
6(0,41)
3.5(0,24) - -
0 -17,8 28(1,9)22(1,5)
15(1,0)
11(0,76)
7.3(0,50) - -
10 -12,2 37(2,6)29(2,0)
20(1,4)
17(1,2)
13(0,90)
3.4(0,23) -
20 -6,7 47(3,2)36(2,5)
28(1,9)
23(1,6)
18(1,2)
7.4(0,51) -
30 -1,1 58(4,0)45(3,1)
35(2,4)
29(2,0)
24(1,7)
13(0,9) -
40 4,4 72(5,0)58(4,0)
44(3,0)
37(2,6)
32(2,2)
18(1,2)
3(0,21)
50 10 86(5,9)69(4,8)
53(3,7)
46(3,2)
40(2,8)
24(1,7)
6.9(0,58)
60 15,6 102(7,0)80(5,5)
65(4,5)
56(3,9)
49(3,4)
30(2,1)
12(0,83)
70 21,1 127(8,8)95(6,6)
78(5,4)
68(4,7)
59(4,1)
38(2,6)
17(1,2)
80 26,7 140(9,7)125(8,6)
90(6,2)
80(5,5)
70(4,8)
46(3,2)
23(1,6)
90 32,2 165(11,4)140(9,7)
112(7,7)
95(6,6)
82(5,7)
56(3,9)
29(2,0)
100 37,8 196(13,5)168(11,6)
137(9,4)
123(8,5)
100(6,9)
69(4,8)
36(2,5)
110 43,3 220(15,2)185(12,8)
165(11,4)
148(10,2)
130(9,0)
80(5,5)
45(3,1)
TableadaptedfromLP-GasServiceman’sHandbook2012
Vapor Pressure of Gas
Vaporpressurecanbedefinedastheforceexertedbyagasorliquidattemptingtoescapefromacontainer.Thispressuremovesgasalongthepipeortubingtotheapplianceburner.
Outsidetemperaturegreatlyaffectscontainerpressure.Lowertemperaturemeanslowercontainerpressure.Toolowacontainerpressuremeansthatnotenoughgasisabletogettotheappliance.
Thetablebelowshowsvaporpressuresforpropaneandbutaneatvariousoutsidetemperatures.
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Table 3A. Gas Required for Common Appliances
APPLIANCEApproximateInputBtu/hr
WarmAirFurnaceSingleFamilyMultifamily,perUnit
60,000–120,00040,000–60,000
HydronicBoiler,SpaceHeatingSingleFamilyMultifamily,perUnit
80,000–140,00050,000–80,000
HydronicBoiler,SpaceandWaterHeatingSingleFamilyMultifamily,perUnit
100,000–200,00050,000–100,000
Range,Freestanding,DomesticBuilt-InOvenorBroilerUnit,DomesticBuilt-InTopUnit,Domestic
50,000–90,00014,000–16,00040,000–85,000
WaterHeater,Storage,30to40gal.TankWaterHeater,Storage,50gal.TankWaterHeater,Tankless2.5GPM3GPM4GPMWaterHeater,Domestic,CirculatingorSide-Arm
25,000–50,00030,000–55,00030,000–55,000
115,000–125,000125,000–150,000155,000–200,000
RefrigeratorClothesDryer,Type1(Domestic)GasFireplaceDirectVentGasLogBarbecueGasLight
1,500–2,00018,000–22,00020,000–90,00035,000–90,00040,000–80,0001,400–2,800
TableadaptedfromNewportPartners,2011.
Determining Total Load
ThebestwaytodetermineBtuinputisfromtheappliancenameplateorfromthemanufacturer’scatalog.Addtheinputofalltheappliancesforthetotalload.Ifspecificappliancecapacityinformationisnotavailable,Table3Abelowwillbeuseful.Remembertoallowforappliancesthatmaybeinstalledatalaterdate.
Ifthepropaneloadinstandardcubicfeetperhour(SCFH)isdesired,dividetheBtu/hrloadby2,488togetSCFH.Conversely,theBtu/hrcapacitycanbeobtainedfromSCFHbymultiplyingtheSCFHfigureby2,488.
Figuringthetotalloadaccuratelyismostimportantbecauseofthesizeofthepipeandtubing,thetank,andtheregulatorwillbebasedonthecapacityofthesystemtobeserved.
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Determining Total Load (Continued)
Avarietyofmechanicalsystemsareavailableforspaceheatingandwaterheatinginhomes.Thesesystemshavevaryingenergysourcesandvaryingefficiencylevels.Table3BbelowprovidessimplecalculationsthatallowcontractorsandhomeownerstoestimatethedollarspermillionBtusdepend-ingontheequipmenttype,efficiency,andenergyprice.The“$/MMBtu”figurecanbecomparedacrossdifferentoptionstoevaluatethem.
Table 3B. Operating Costs and Equipment Efficiencies of Residential Space and Water Heating Systems
SPACEHEATINGPricingEstimation
Formula($/MMBtu)
TypicalEquipmentEfficiencyRangesfor
NewerSystems
Propane(furnaceorboiler)
(10.9x$/gal)(AFUE/100)
AFUE:78–98
NaturalGas(furnaceorboiler)
(10x$/therm)(AFUE/100)
AFUE:78–98
FuelOil(furnaceorboiler)
(7.2x$/gal)(AFUE/100)
AFUE:78–95
ElectricResistance
293x$/kWh COP:1.0
ElectricAirSourceHeatPump
(1000x$/kWh)HSPF
HSPF:7.7–13.0
ElectricGroundSourceHeatPump
(293x$/kWh)COP
COP:3.0–4.7
WATERHEATINGPricingEstimation
Formula($/MMBtu)
TypicalStorageWaterHeaterEnergyFactors(EF)
TypicalInstantaneousWaterHeaterEnergyFactor
(EF)
Propane (10.9x$/gal)/EF 0.59–0.67* 0.82–0.98
Methane (10x$/therm)/EF 0.59–0.70* 0.82–0.98
FuelOil (7.2x$/gal)/EF 0.51–0.68 —
ElectricResistance
(293x$/kWh)/EF0.90–0.95 0.93–1.0
ElectricAirSourceHeatPump
(293x$/kWh)/EF2.0–2.51 —
*Residentialandcommercialunitsareavailablewiththermalefficienciesupto96%.
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Determining Total Load (Continued)
Avarietyofmechanicalsystemsareavailableforspaceheatingandwaterheatinginhomes.Thesesystemshavevaryingenergysourcesandvaryingefficiencylevels.Table3BbelowprovidessimplecalculationsthatallowcontractorsandhomeownerstoestimatethedollarspermillionBtusdepend-ingontheequipmenttype,efficiency,andenergyprice.The“$/MMBtu”figurecanbecomparedacrossdifferentoptionstoevaluatethem.
Table 3B. Operating Costs and Equipment Efficiencies of Residential Space and Water Heating Systems
SPACEHEATINGPricingEstimation
Formula($/MMBtu)
TypicalEquipmentEfficiencyRangesfor
NewerSystems
Propane(furnaceorboiler)
(10.9x$/gal)(AFUE/100)
AFUE:78–98
NaturalGas(furnaceorboiler)
(10x$/therm)(AFUE/100)
AFUE:78–98
FuelOil(furnaceorboiler)
(7.2x$/gal)(AFUE/100)
AFUE:78–95
ElectricResistance
293x$/kWh COP:1.0
ElectricAirSourceHeatPump
(1000x$/kWh)HSPF
HSPF:7.7–13.0
ElectricGroundSourceHeatPump
(293x$/kWh)COP
COP:3.0–4.7
WATERHEATINGPricingEstimation
Formula($/MMBtu)
TypicalStorageWaterHeaterEnergyFactors(EF)
TypicalInstantaneousWaterHeaterEnergyFactor
(EF)
Propane (10.9x$/gal)/EF 0.59–0.67* 0.82–0.98
Methane (10x$/therm)/EF 0.59–0.70* 0.82–0.98
FuelOil (7.2x$/gal)/EF 0.51–0.68 —
ElectricResistance
(293x$/kWh)/EF0.90–0.95 0.93–1.0
ElectricAirSourceHeatPump
(293x$/kWh)/EF2.0–2.51 —
*Residentialandcommercialunitsareavailablewiththermalefficienciesupto96%.
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Vaporization Rates
Thefactorsaffectingvaporizationincludewettedsurfaceareaofthecontainer,liquidlevelinthecontainer,temperatureandhumiditysurroundingthecontainer,andwhetherthecontainerisabovegroundorunderground.
Thetemperatureoftheliquidisproportionaltotheoutsideairtemperature,andthewettedsurfaceareaisthetanksurfaceareaincontactwiththeliquid.Therefore,whentheoutsideairtemperatureislowerorthecontainerhaslessliquidinit,thevaporizationrateofthecontainerisalowervalue.
TodeterminethepropersizeofASMEstoragetanks,itisimportanttoconsiderthelowestwintertemperatureatthelocation.
Seepage10formoreinformation.
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Table 4. Maximum Intermittent Withdrawal Rate (Btu/hr) Without Tank Frosting* If Lowest Outdoor Temperature (Average for 24 Hours) Reaches ...
TEMPERATURETankSize,Gallons(l)
150(568) 250(946) 500(1893) 1000(3785)
40ºF 4°C 214,900 288,100 478,800 852,800
30ºF -1°C 187,000 251,800 418,600 745,600
20ºF -7°C 161,800 216,800 360,400 641,900
10ºF -12°C 148,000 198,400 329,700 587,200
0ºF -18°C 134,700 180,600 300,100 534,500
-10ºF -23°C 132,400 177,400 294,800 525,400
-20ºF -29°C 108,800 145,800 242,300 431,600
-30ºF -34°C 107,100 143,500 238,600 425,000
*Tankfrostingactsasaninsulator,reducingthevaporizationrate.
Vaporization Rates for ASME Storage Tanks
AnumberofassumptionsweremadeincalculatingtheBtufigureslistedinTable4,below:
1Thetankisone-halffull.
2Relativehumidityis70percent.
3Thetankisunderintermittentloading.
Althoughnoneoftheseconditionsmayapply,Table4canstillserveasagoodruleofthumbinestimatingwhataparticulartanksizewillprovideundervarioustemperatures.ThismethodusesASMEtankdimensions,liquidlevel,andaconstantvalueforeach10percentofliquidtoestimatethevaporizationcapacityofagiventanksizeat0°F.Continuousloadingisnotaverycommonoccurrenceondomesticinstallations,butundercontinuousloadingthewithdrawalratesinTable4shouldbemultipliedby0.25.
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Table 4. Maximum Intermittent Withdrawal Rate (Btu/hr) Without Tank Frosting* If Lowest Outdoor Temperature (Average for 24 Hours) Reaches ...
TEMPERATURETankSize,Gallons(l)
150(568) 250(946) 500(1893) 1000(3785)
40ºF 4°C 214,900 288,100 478,800 852,800
30ºF -1°C 187,000 251,800 418,600 745,600
20ºF -7°C 161,800 216,800 360,400 641,900
10ºF -12°C 148,000 198,400 329,700 587,200
0ºF -18°C 134,700 180,600 300,100 534,500
-10ºF -23°C 132,400 177,400 294,800 525,400
-20ºF -29°C 108,800 145,800 242,300 431,600
-30ºF -34°C 107,100 143,500 238,600 425,000
*Tankfrostingactsasaninsulator,reducingthevaporizationrate.
Vaporization Rates for ASME Storage Tanks
AnumberofassumptionsweremadeincalculatingtheBtufigureslistedinTable4,below:
1Thetankisone-halffull.
2Relativehumidityis70percent.
3Thetankisunderintermittentloading.
Althoughnoneoftheseconditionsmayapply,Table4canstillserveasagoodruleofthumbinestimatingwhataparticulartanksizewillprovideundervarioustemperatures.ThismethodusesASMEtankdimensions,liquidlevel,andaconstantvalueforeach10percentofliquidtoestimatethevaporizationcapacityofagiventanksizeat0°F.Continuousloadingisnotaverycommonoccurrenceondomesticinstallations,butundercontinuousloadingthewithdrawalratesinTable4shouldbemultipliedby0.25.
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Container Location and Installation
OncethepropersizeoftheASMEstoragetankhasbeendetermined,carefulattentionmustbegiventothemostconvenientyetsafeplaceforitslocationonthecustomer’sproperty.
ThecontainershouldbeplacedinalocationpleasingtothecustomerbutnotconflictingwithstateandlocalregulationsorNFPA58,StorageandHandlingofLiquefiedPetroleumGases.Refertothisstandardandconsultwithyourpropaneprofessionaltodeterminetheappropriateplacementofpropanecontainers.
Ingeneral,storagetanksshouldbeplacedinanaccessiblelocationforfilling.Abovegroundtanksshouldbesupportedbyconcreteblocksofappropriatesizeandreinforcement.Allpropanestoragetanksshouldbelocatedawayfromvehiculartraffic.
ForASMEcontainers,thedistancefromanybuildingopenings,externalsourcesofignition,andintakestodirect-ventedgasappliancesormechanicalventilationsystemsareacriticalconsideration.SeeFigures5and6onpages12and13,respectively.
RefertoNFPA58fortheminimumdistancesthatthesecontainersmustbeplacedfromabuildingorotherobjects.
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in)
125–500
gal w
.c.
Cen
tral
AC
com
pres
sor
(sou
rce
of ig
nitio
n)
Under
125
gal w
.c.
1.R
egardlessofitssize,any
ASMEtan
kfilledonsitem
ustbe
loca
tedsothatthe
filling
con
nectionan
dfixe
dm
axim
um
liquidle
velg
auge
areatleas
t10
ftfrom
any
externa
lsou
rce
ofig
nitio
n(e.g.,op
enflam
e,w
indow
AC,c
ompressor),intake
todire
ct-ven
tedgas
applianc
esorintake
toamec
hanica
lve
ntilatio
nsystem
.
Container Location (Continued)
Figure 5. Aboveground ASME containers. Reproduced with permission from NFPA 58-2011, LiquefiedPetroleumGasCode, Copyright © 2010, National Fire Protection Association. This reprinted material is not the complete and official position of the NFPA on the referenced subject, which is represented only by the standard in its entirety.
2.The
distanc
emay
bereduc
edtono
lesstha
n10
ftfo
rasing
lecon
tainer
of120
0ga
l(4.5m
3 )w
atercap
acity
orless,p
rovided
su
chcon
tainerisatleas
t25
ftfrom
any
otherLP-G
ascon
tainer
ofm
orethan
125
gal(0
.5m
3 )w
atercap
acity
.
-
12 13
501–2000 g
al w
.c.
Under
125
gal w
.c.
10 ft
(m
in)
Win
dow
air
cond
ition
er(s
ourc
e of
ig
nitio
n)
10 ft
(m
in)
10 ft
(m
in)
10 ft
(m
in)
10 ft
(m
in)
5 ft
(min
)
Inta
ke to
dire
ct-
vent
app
lianc
e
25 ft
(min
) 25
ft(m
in)
125–500
gal w
.c.
Cen
tral
AC
com
pres
sor
(sou
rce
of ig
nitio
n)
Under
125
gal w
.c.
1.R
egardlessofitssize,any
ASMEtan
kfilledonsitem
ustbe
loca
tedsothatthe
filling
con
nectionan
dfixe
dm
axim
um
liquidle
velg
auge
areatleas
t10
ftfrom
any
externa
lsou
rce
ofig
nitio
n(e.g.,op
enflam
e,w
indow
AC,c
ompressor),intake
todire
ct-ven
tedgas
applianc
esorintake
toamec
hanica
lve
ntilatio
nsystem
.
Container Location (Continued)
Figure 5. Aboveground ASME containers. Reproduced with permission from NFPA 58-2011, LiquefiedPetroleumGasCode, Copyright © 2010, National Fire Protection Association. This reprinted material is not the complete and official position of the NFPA on the referenced subject, which is represented only by the standard in its entirety.
2.The
distanc
emay
bereduc
edtono
lesstha
n10
ftfo
rasing
lecon
tainer
of120
0ga
l(4.5m
3 )w
atercap
acity
orless,p
rovided
su
chcon
tainerisatleas
t25
ftfrom
any
otherLP-G
ascon
tainer
ofm
orethan
125
gal(0
.5m
3 )w
atercap
acity
.
13
Cen
tral
AC
com
pre
ssor
(sou
rce
of ig
nitio
n)
Inta
ke t
o d
irect
-ve
nt a
pp
lianc
e
Win
dow
air
cond
ition
er
(sou
rce
of ig
nitio
n)
Nea
rest
line
of a
djo
inin
gp
rop
erty
tha
t ca
n b
eb
uilt
upon
2000
gal
w.c
. or
less
10 ft
(min
)(N
ote
1)
10 ft
(min
)(N
ote
2)10
ft (m
in)
(Not
e 1)
10 ft
(min
)(N
ote
1)
Cra
wl s
pac
e op
enin
g,w
ind
ow, o
r ex
haus
t fa
n
10 ft
(min
)(N
ote
2)
2.Nopartofanun
dergrou
ndcon
tainercan
belesstha
n10
ft
from
anim
portantbuildingorline
ofa
djoiningpropertytha
tca
nbebuiltup
on.
Figure 6. Underground ASME containers. Reproduced with permission from NFPA 58-2011, LiquefiedPetroleumGasCode, Copyright © 2010, National Fire Protection Association. This reprinted material is not the complete and official position of the NFPA on the referenced subject, which is represented only by the standard in its entirety.
1.T
hereliefv
alve
,filling
con
nection,and
fixe
dm
axim
umliquid
leve
lgau
geven
tco
nnec
tionatthe
con
tainerm
ustbeatle
ast
10ftfrom
any
exteriorso
urce
ofign
ition
,open
ings
into
dire
ct-ven
tap
plianc
es,o
rmec
hanica
lven
tilationairintake
s.
-
14 15
Tab
le 7
. P
ipe
Siz
ing
Bet
wee
n S
eco
nd-S
tag
e R
egul
ato
r an
d A
pp
lianc
eM
AXI
MU
M U
ND
ILU
TED
PR
OP
AN
E C
AP
AC
ITIE
S B
AS
ED
ON
10.
0 P
SI I
NLE
T P
RE
SS
UR
E A
ND
1.0
PS
I PR
ES
SU
RE
DR
OP
. (B
AS
ED
ON
A 1
.52
SP
EC
IFIC
-GR
AV
ITY
GA
S.)
Nom
inal
Pip
e S
ize,
Sch
edul
e 40
Pip
ing
Leng
th,
Fee
t1/
2 in
.(0
.622
)3/
4 in
.(0
.824
)1
in.
(1.0
49)
1-1/
4 in
.(1
.38)
1-1/
2 in
.(1
.61)
2 in
.(2
.067
)3
in.
(3.0
68)
3-1/
2 in
.(3
.548
)4
in.
(4.0
26)
1029
160
811
4623
5335
2567
8919
130
2800
839
018
2020
041
878
816
1724
2346
6613
148
1925
026
817
3016
133
663
212
9919
4637
4710
558
1545
821
535
4013
728
754
111
1116
6532
0790
3613
230
1843
1
5012
225
548
098
514
7628
4280
0911
726
1633
5
6011
023
143
589
213
3725
7572
5610
625
1480
1
8094
198
372
764
1144
2204
6211
9093
1266
8
100
8417
533
067
710
1419
5455
0480
5911
227
125
7415
529
260
089
917
3148
7871
4399
50
150
6714
126
554
481
515
6944
2064
7290
16
200
5812
022
746
569
713
4337
8355
3977
16
250
5110
720
141
261
811
9033
5349
0968
39
300
4697
182
374
560
1078
3038
4448
6196
350
4389
167
344
515
992
2795
4092
5701
400
4083
156
320
479
923
2600
3807
5303
Note:C
apac
ities
arein
100
0Btu/hr.
Adap
tedw
ithpermission
from
NFP
A58-20
11,L
ique
fied
Pet
role
um G
as C
ode,Cop
yright©
201
0,Nationa
lFire
ProtectionAssoc
iatio
n.Thisreprin
ted
materialisno
ttheco
mpleteand
officialpos
ition
ofthe
NFP
Aonthereferenc
edsub
ject,w
hich
isrep
rese
nted
onlybythestan
dardin
itsen
tirety.
-
15
Tab
le 8
. M
axim
um C
apac
ity
of
CS
ST
*
EH
D**
FLO
W
DE
SIG
NA
TIO
N
IN T
HO
US
AN
DS
OF
BTU
/HR
OF
UN
DIL
UTE
D P
RO
PA
NE
AT
A P
RE
SS
UR
E O
F 11
-IN
CH
ES
W.C
. AN
D A
PR
ES
SU
RE
DR
OP
OF
0.5-
INC
H W
.C.
(BA
SE
D O
N A
1.5
2 S
PE
CIF
IC G
RA
VIT
Y G
AS
)
Tubi
ng L
engt
h, F
eet
510
1520
2530
4050
6070
8090
100
150
200
250
300
1372
5039
3430
2823
2019
1715
1514
119
88
1599
6955
4942
3933
3026
2523
2220
1514
1211
1818
112
910
491
8274
6458
5349
4544
4131
2825
23
1921
115
012
110
694
8774
6660
5752
5047
3633
3026
2335
525
420
818
316
415
113
111
810
799
9490
8566
6053
50
2542
630
324
821
619
217
715
313
712
611
710
910
298
7569
6157
3074
452
142
236
532
529
725
622
720
719
117
816
915
912
311
299
90
3186
360
549
042
537
934
429
726
524
122
220
819
718
614
312
911
710
7
*Tab
lein
clud
eslo
sses
forfour90°ben
dsand
twoen
dfittin
gs.T
ubingruns
with
largernum
bersofb
endand
/orfittin
gssha
llbeincrea
sedbyan
equiva
lent
leng
thoftub
ingtoth
efollowingeq
uatio
n:L=1.3nwhe
reListhe
addition
alle
ngth(ft)oftub
ingan
dnisthe
num
berofa
ddition
alfittings
and
/orben
ds.
**EHD(E
quivalen
tHyd
raulicDiameter)A
mea
sureofthe
relativehy
drau
licefficien
cybetwee
ndifferen
ttub
ingsizes.The
greaterth
eva
lueofEHD,the
greater
thega
sca
pacityofthe
tubing
.
Adap
tedw
ithpermission
from
NFP
A58-20
11,L
ique
fied
Pet
role
um G
as C
ode,Cop
yright©
201
0,Nationa
lFire
ProtectionAssoc
iatio
n.Thisreprin
ted
materialisno
ttheco
mpleteand
officialpos
ition
ofthe
NFP
Aonthe referenc
edsub
ject,w
hich
isrep
rese
nted
onlybythestan
dardin
itsen
tirety.
-
16 17
Gas Piping Inlet Positioning
Justliketanks,propanepressureregulatorscomewithpipe-sizeandinstallation-distancerequirements.Regulatorsinstalledonthegaspipingsystematthesideofbuildingscannotbeplacedcloserthan3feethorizontallyfromanybuildingopening,suchasawindowwell,that’slowerthantheinstalledregulator.Norcantheybeplacedcloserthan5feetfromanysourceofignition,suchasanACcompressor.Additionalregulations,aswellasregulatormanufacturer’sinstructions,mayapply.Checkwithapropaneprofessionalfirsttoensureyoucomplywithinteriorgaspipinginletpositioningrequirements.
-
16 17
Gas Piping Inlet Positioning
Justliketanks,propanepressureregulatorscomewithpipe-sizeandinstallation-distancerequirements.Regulatorsinstalledonthegaspipingsystematthesideofbuildingscannotbeplacedcloserthan3feethorizontallyfromanybuildingopening,suchasawindowwell,that’slowerthantheinstalledregulator.Norcantheybeplacedcloserthan5feetfromanysourceofignition,suchasanACcompressor.Additionalregulations,aswellasregulatormanufacturer’sinstructions,mayapply.Checkwithapropaneprofessionalfirsttoensureyoucomplywithinteriorgaspipinginletpositioningrequirements.
17
Conversion Factors
Multiply By To Obtain
LENGTH AND AREA
MillimetersMetersSq. CentimetersSq. Meters
0.03943.28080.155010.764
InchesFeetSq. InchesSq. Feet
VOLUME AND MASS
Cubic MetersLitersGallonsCubic cm.LitersLitersKilogramsTonnes
35.3150.03530.13370.0612.1140.26422.20461.1024
Cubic FeetCubic FeetCubic FeetCubic InchesPints (US)Gallons (US)PoundsTons (US)
PRESSURE AND FLOW RATE
MillibarsOunces/sq. in.Inches w.c.BarsKilopascalsKilograms/sq. cm.Pounds/sq. in.Liters/hr.Cubic Meters/hr.
0.40181.7330.036114.500.145014.2220.0680.03534.403
Inches w.c.Inches w.c.Pounds/sq. in.Pounds/sq. in.Pounds/sq. in.Pounds/sq. in.AtmospheresCubic Feet/hr.Gallons/min.
MISCELLANEOUS
KilojoulesCalories, kgWattsBtuMegajoules
0.94783.9683.4140.000010.00948
BtuBtuBtu/hrThermsTherms
-
18 19
Multiply By To Obtain
LENGTH AND AREA
InchesFeetSq. InchesSq. Feet
25.40.3048 6.4516 0.0929
MillimetersMetersSq. CentimetersSq. Meters
VOLUME AND MASS
Cubic FeetCubic FeetCubic FeetCubic InchesPints (US)Gallons (US)PoundsTons (US)
0.028328.3167.48116.3870.4733.7850.45350.9071
Cubic MetersLitersGallonsCubic cm.LitersLitersKilogramsTonnes
PRESSURE AND FLOW RATE
Inches w.c.Inches w.c.Pounds/sq. in.Pounds/sq. in.Pounds/sq. in.Pounds/sq. in.AtmospheresCubic Feet/hr.Gallons/min.
2.4880.57727.710.06896.8950.070314.69628.3160.2271
MillibarsOunces/sq. in.Inches w.c.BarsKilopascalsKilograms/sq. cm.Pounds/sq. in.Liters/hr.Cubic Meters/hr.
MISCELLANEOUS
BtuBtuBtu/hrThermsTherms
1.0550.2520.293100,000105.5
KilojoulesCalories, kgWattsBtuMegajoules
Conversion Factors
-
18 19
Multiply By To Obtain
LENGTH AND AREA
InchesFeetSq. InchesSq. Feet
25.40.3048 6.4516 0.0929
MillimetersMetersSq. CentimetersSq. Meters
VOLUME AND MASS
Cubic FeetCubic FeetCubic FeetCubic InchesPints (US)Gallons (US)PoundsTons (US)
0.028328.3167.48116.3870.4733.7850.45350.9071
Cubic MetersLitersGallonsCubic cm.LitersLitersKilogramsTonnes
PRESSURE AND FLOW RATE
Inches w.c.Inches w.c.Pounds/sq. in.Pounds/sq. in.Pounds/sq. in.Pounds/sq. in.AtmospheresCubic Feet/hr.Gallons/min.
2.4880.57727.710.06896.8950.070314.69628.3160.2271
MillibarsOunces/sq. in.Inches w.c.BarsKilopascalsKilograms/sq. cm.Pounds/sq. in.Liters/hr.Cubic Meters/hr.
MISCELLANEOUS
BtuBtuBtu/hrThermsTherms
1.0550.2520.293100,000105.5
KilojoulesCalories, kgWattsBtuMegajoules
Conversion Factors
19
Temperature Conversion
Table 9. Temperature Conversion
°F °C °F °C °F °C
-40 -40 30 -1.1 90 32.2
-30 -34.4 32 0 100 37.8
-20 -28.9 40 4.4 110 43.3
-10 -23.3 50 10.0 120 48.9
0 -17.8 60 15.6 130 54.4
10 -12.2 70 21.1 140 60.0
20 -6.7 80 26.7 150 65.6
All trademarks shown are the property of their respective owners.
-
20
Notes
-
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The Propane Education & Research Council was authorized by the U.S. Congress with the passage of Public Law 104-284, the Propane Education and Research Act (PERA), signed into law on October 11, 1996. The mission of the Propane Education & Research Council is to promote the safe, efficient use of odorized propane gas as a preferred energy source.
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