The Project for Capacity Development in Basic …...The Project for Capacity Development in Basic...

The Project forCapacity Development in Basic Water Environment

Management and EIA Systemin the Republic of the Union of Myanmar

(Water Environment Management Component)

15 May 2018Shunsuke HIEDAJICA Expert Team

Final Seminar

Water quality status and case studies for water environment management in Yangon

1. Outline of Hlaing River and Pollution Pathway in the Pilot Area

3

Hlaing River

Myi Ma Kha River

Hlaing River

Yangon River

Aye Yar Wady Region

Yangon Region

Bago Region

Upstream

Downstream (in Yangon City)

4

Hlagwa Lake

Phu Gyi Lake

New Integrated Multi-

purpose Development Plan

War Ta Yar IZ

Hmawbi IZ

Shwe Pyi Thar IZ

Hlaing Thar Yar & Shwe Than Lwin IZ

Shwe Lin Ban IZ

Water Use:

On-going/ planned

Domestic Water Supply

Water Use:

Future Water Use in Pan

Hlaing River

Water Use and Industrial Zones

in the downstream of Hlaing River Basin

Pollution

Pathways

2. Industrial Pollution Source

2, 0%

147, 32%

32, 7%

14, 3%

3, 1%15, 3%

252, 54%

Number of Factories-(1) Pan Hlaing River (North Side)-

Distillery

Food & Beverages

Sugar

Textile/ Dyeing

Paper/ Pulp

Leather

Pesticide/ Fertilizer

Cement

Metal Smelting

Others

2, 0%

147, 32%

32, 7%

14, 3%

3, 1%15, 3%

252, 54%

Number of Factories(1) Pan Hlaing River (North Side)

Distillery

Food & Beverages

Sugar

Textile/ Dyeing

Paper/ Pulp

Leather


Cement

Metal Smelting

Others

151, 32%

83, 18%

4, 1%2, 0%10, 2%

218, 46%

Number of Factories(2) Hlaing River (West Side)

Distillery

Food & Beverages

Sugar

Textile/ Dyeing

Paper/ Pulp

Leather


Cement

Metal Smelting

Others

8, 5%

106, 72%

4, 3%

3, 2%

4, 3%22, 15%

Number of Factories(3) Hlaing River (East Side)

Distillery

Food & Beverages

Sugar

Textile/ Dyeing

Paper/ Pulp

Leather


Cement

Metal Smelting

[Industry]

- Number of Factories -

Pan Hlaing River (North Side)

Hlaing River (West Side)

Hlaing River (East Side)

2, 0%

147, 32%

32, 7%

14, 3%

3, 1%15, 3%

252, 54%

Number of Factories-(1) Pan Hlaing River (North Side)-

Distillery

Food & Beverages

Sugar

Textile/ Dyeing

Paper/ Pulp

Leather


Cement

Metal Smelting

Others

[Industry]

- Number of Employees -

128, 0%

5,288, 16%

14,408, 43%

672, 2%

575, 2%

12,336, 37%

Number of Employees(1) Pan Hlaing River (North Side)

Distillery

Food & Beverages

Sugar

Textile/ Dyeing

Paper/ Pulp

Leather


Cement

Metal Smelting

Others

3,601, 7%

29,507, 60%

15,340, 31%

Number of Factories(2) Hlaing River (West Side)

Distillery

Food & Beverages

Sugar

Textile/ Dyeing

Paper/ Pulp

Leather


Cement

Metal Smelting

Others

423, 5%

3,380, 45%2,261, 30%

146, 2%

62, 1% 1,308, 17%

Number of Factories(3) Hlaing River (East Side)

Distillery

Food & Beverages

Sugar

Textile/ Dyeing

Paper/ Pulp

Leather


Cement

Metal Smelting

Others

Pan Hlaing River (North Side)

Hlaing River (West Side)

Hlaing River (East Side)

Source: JET, 2016

Based on wastewater analysis of 100 factories of IZ Yangon in 2016

9

54

36

7

50

9

4

46

64

93

50

91

96

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

[Any Primary Treatment]

Screen

Equalization Tank

Settling Basin

Oil Separator

Chemical Coagulation

Yes No

6

1

2

1

3

94

99

98

99

97

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

[Any Secondary Treatment]

Basic Septic Tank

Activation Sludge

UASB

Removal ofToxic Sustances

Yes No

Primary & Secondary Treatment of

Wastewater in 2016 (100 Factories)

Primary

Treatment

Secondary

Treatment

Wastewater Analysis in 2016 and 2017

(Number of Target Factories)

Source: JET, 2017

Based on wastewater analysis of 50 factories in/around the pilot area of Yangon in 2016 and 2017

10

13

5

2

3

2 Food and BeveragesManufacturing

Garments, Textile and LeatherProducts

Wood Manufacturing

Chemicals Manufacturing

Manufacture of Glass andCeramics

Manufacture of ConstructionMaterials

Metal, Machinery and Electronics

13

4

1

4

3 Food and BeveragesManufacturing

Garments, Textile and LeatherProducts

Wood Manufacturing

Chemicals Manufacturing

Manufacture of Glass andCeramics

Manufacture of ConstructionMaterials

Metal, Machinery and Electronics

2016 2017

Effluent BOD and COD Concentrations

in 2016 and 2017

Yangon Mandalay Total Yangon Mandalay Total0 - 20 mg/L 6 2 8 1 0 120 - 50 mg/L 1 1 2 4 0 450 - 100 mg/L 1 2 3 8 0 8100 - 1,000 mg/L 10 6 16 12 16 281,000 - mg/L 5 8 13 0 9 9No Data 2 6 8 0 0 0Total 25 25 50 25 25 50

2nd Period1st PeriodBOD

Yangon Mandalay Total Yangon Mandalay Total0 - 100 mg/L 9 1 10 0 0 0100 - 250 mg/L 2 2 4 1 1 2250 - 1,000 mg/L 7 4 11 6 2 81,000 - 2,000 mg/L 1 1 2 15 9 242,000 - mg/L 4 11 15 3 13 16No Data 2 6 8 0 0 0Total 25 25 50 25 25 50

2nd Period1st PeriodCOD

Source: JET, 2016 and 2017

Based on wastewater analysis of 50 factories

in/around IZ in YGN and MDL in 2016 and 2017 11

Effluent Concentrations vs.

NEQEG (2015) Values in 2017

12

1): Further information such as production volume is needed to collect for evaluation

Source: JET, 2017

Based on wastewater analysis of 50 factories in/around IZ in YGN and MDL in 2017

BOD COD TN TP

Equal to or Under

NEQEG Value5 16 23 24

Over NEQEG Values 39 28 17 20

No Evaluation1) 6 6 10 6

Total 50 50 50 50

Difficulties in Installing Sophisticated WWTP

in 2016 (100 Factories) in Yangon

Source: JET, 2016

Based on questionnaire survey of 100 factories

in/around IZ in the Pilot Area of Yangon in 2016 13

2.77

2.72

2.57

2.8

2.4

3.12

2.91

2.82

0 1 2 3 4 5

Absense of Internal Env. Expert

Absense of External Env. Expert

Other Industires are not compliant

High Cost comparing to Benefit

Difficulties of obtaining Funding

Limited Land

Unclear Regulatory Requirement

Unrealistic Environment Regulation

3. Pollution Load Analysis in the Pilot Area (Case Study 1)

Hlaing River Basin (YGN Region)

[BOD Pollution Load]

23,592

23,592

42,563

63,125

2,718

17,799

3,605

235,940

0 50,000 100,000 150,000 200,000 250,000 300,000 350,000 400,000

Reaching to River

At Source

BOD (Hlain River Basin) [kg/day]

Industry Domestic Non-Point Livestock

- Watershed: JET based on Satellite Image & DEM (SRTM)- Satellite Image: Google Earth

- Watershed: JET by Satellite Image & DEM (SRTM)

- Pilot Area: Tsp. in Hlaing River Basin (Hlaingtharya, Mayangone,

Insein, Hlaing” & “Shwepyithar)

8,387, 38%

0, 0%

11,112, 50%

1,003, 5%4, 0%

26, 0%

39, 0%

0, 0%

14, 0%

1,670, 7%

BOD in Yangon - Industry Sector - [kg/day]

Distillery

Sugar

Food andBeveragesTextile/ Dyeing

Paper/ Pulp

Leather


Cement

Metal Smelting

Others

22,256

22,256

37,894

47,368

1,125

1,875

1,384

13,841

0 20,000 40,000 60,000 80,000 100,000

Reaching River

At Source

BOD (Pilot Area of Hlaing River Basin) [kg/day]

Industry Domestic Non-Point Livestock

Townships in Yangon along Hlaing River

[BOD Pollution Load]

[Industry] - BOD Pollution Load (kg/day) -

Hlaing River (West Side): 3,900 kg/day

6,392, 70%0,

0%

2,575, 28%

41, 0%

1, 0%

0, 0%0, 0%

0, 0%

1, 0% 170, 2%

BOD in Hlaing River (East)

Distillery

Sugar

Food andBeverages

Textile/ Dyeing

Paper/ Pulp

Leather


Cement

Metal Smelting

Others

1,934, 21%0,

0%

5,341, 58%

789, 9%

3, 0%0, 0%

14, 0%0, 0%10, 0%

1,068, 12%

BOD in Pan Hlaing River (North)Distillery

Sugar


Paper/ Pulp

Leather


Cement

Metal Smelting

Others

60, 1% 0, 0%

3,196, 82%

173, 4%

1, 0%

26, 1%

25, 1%0, 0%

3, 0%

432, 11%

BOD in Hlaing River (West)Distillery

Sugar


Paper/ Pulp

Leather


Cement

Metal Smelting

Others

Pan Hlaing River (North Side): 9,200 kg/day

Hlaing River (East Side):9,200 kg/day

4. Strategies and Action Plans for Water Pollution Control from Industrial Zones and Other Pollution

Sources

19

Existing Water Quality Status in Yangon

River Water Quality

[Upstream of Hlaing River (out of Yangon City)]

- Limited impact from factories and good enough for domestic water supply

at Kokkoa

[Downstream of Hlaing River (in Yangon City)]

- Limited impact from factories and good enough for aquatic life, irrigation,

transportation (rainy season)

- Some parameters (e.g. CODcr, lead, chromium) in dry season were worse

than rainy season but need to check impact from industry based on

accumulated water quality monitoring data

- Stream in Shwe Pyi Htar is polluted BOD, oil and grease, nutrients, phenol

etc.

[Pan Hlaing River]

- Limited impact from industries and good enough for aquatic life, irrigation,

transportation in rainy season

- Polluted by industry and less water volume from upstream due to temporary

dam at the location between Hlain Tharyar IZ and Shwe Than Lwin in dry

season

20

Existing Water Quality Status in Yangon

Pollution Source and Control Status

- Domestic and factories are main pollution sources of organic pollution

- Distillery, food and beverage, textile and dyeing are main organic

pollution sources in industrial sectors

- Some factories (leather, battery, dyeing etc.) discharge toxic

substances above NEQG

- Number of factories which installed secondary treatment is increasing

year by year, but these factories are mainly large scaled. So, it may

take time to treat wastewater from all of the factories in IZs.

- Centralized WWTP will be desired for wastewater treatment in the IZs

but it should be clarified which organization is going to lead installation

of Centralized WWTP.

- Sewerage is planned to be expanded in downtown area and south-

western part of Yangon city, but sewerage connection in the pilot area

will be expected after 2040.

21

Strategies for Water Pollution Control

from Industrial Zones and Action PlansKey Strategies

- Key Strategy 1: Installation of centralized wastewater treatment

plants in industrial zones to prevent pollution to surrounding area

- Key Strategy 2: Development of a mechanism for promoting water

environment management by factories

- Key Strategy 3: Development of water environment management

plans and its implementation in priority areas

Target Period

- Short term: within there years (aiming FY2020-21)

- Middle term: within five years (aiming FY2022-23)

- Long term: within ten years (aiming FYI 2027-28)

Organizations to implement action plans

- Yangon Region Industrial Supervision Committee

- YCDC

- ECD Yangon Region

22

Strategies for Water Pollution Control from

Industrial Zones and Other Pollution Sources (1)

Strategy 1: Installation of centralized wastewater treatment plants in

industrial zones to prevent pollution to surrounding area

Action Plans (by Yangon Region Government)

- Further prompt actions by Yangon Region Industrial Zone Supervision

Committee

- Utilization of an opportunity to install a pilot wastewater treatment project

under UNIDO project

- Establishment of practical and realistic PPP scheme to reduce cost

burden of wastewater treatment fee by factories

- AY1-1: Setting policy for installation of C-WWTP in IZs (short-term)

- AY1-2: Construction and operation of a pilot CWWTP in a IZ

(short-term to middle-term)

AY1-3: Formulation of PPP scheme for C-WWTP in priority IZs

(short-term)

AY1-4: Construction and operation of C-WWTP in priority IZs

(middle-term to long-term)

23



Strategy 2: Development of a mechanism for promoting water

environment management by factories

Action Plans (by YCDC)

- Improvement of inspection activities (efficiency, legal bases)

- Follow-up activities on Notification No. 03/2018 (EMP for existing

factories of 9 sectors)

- Development of supporting tools for pollution control by factories (e.g.

sharing good practice on pollution control, setting consultation desks at

district/ township levels, awarding system, incentives, financial support)

AY2-1:: Improvement of

inspection activities with the

revised YCDC law (short-term)

AY2-2: Strengthening on-site

monitoring (short-term)

AY2-3: Examining the possibility

to introduce wastewater

discharge fee system (middle-

term)

Action Plans (by Yangon Region ECD)

AY2-4 & AY2-5: Follow-up Notification

No.03/2018 for EMP preparation (short-term)

AY2-6: Seminars for introduction of good

practice on pollution control (short-term)

AY2-7: Setting consultation desks in

district/township ECD offices (middle-term)

AY2-8: Examining the possibility to promote

water environment management (middle-

term)

24



Strategy 3: Development of water environment management plans and its

implementation in priority areas

Action Plans (by YCDC)

- To conserve water quality at planned intake points for Yangon City

(Kokkowa and Wataya in Hlaing River)

- To conserve water quality at planned intake point for Yangon New

Development City (in Pan Hlaing River)

- To develop water environmental management plan and its

implementation in the priority areas

AY3-1:: Improvement of wastewater

from domestic & commercial

facilities (short to middle-term)

AY3-2: Expansion of sewerage area

(middle to long -term)

AY3-3: Development and

implementation of water

environmental management plans

(short to middle-term)

Action Plans (by Yangon Region ECD)

AY3-4: Development of water quality

testing laboratories (short-term to long-

term)

AY3-5: Surface water quality monitoring

in regional level rivers (middle to long-

term)

The Project for Capacity Development in Basic …...The Project for Capacity Development in Basic...

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