The project
description
Transcript of The project
Micrometeorological models applied to Micrometeorological models applied to growth and production ofgrowth and production of
GrapevineGrapevine
Claudio CassardoClaudio Cassardo11, Caterina Francone, Caterina Francone11, , Tiziana La IaconaTiziana La Iacona22, Federico Spanna, Federico Spanna22, , Matteo MonchieroMatteo Monchiero33, Irene Vercellino, Irene Vercellino33
1 Department of Physics, University of Torino, Italy2 Phytosanitary Service, Regione Piemonte, Torino, Italy
3 Centre of Competence for the Agroenvironmental Innovation (AGROINNOVA), University of Torino, Italy
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MASGRAPE adoption of a Multidisciplinary Approach to Study the
GRAPEvine agro-ecosystem: analysis of biotic and abiotic factors able to influence yield and quality of wine
Development of instruments for vineyard management and wine quality improvement
• Phytopathologists
• Physiologists
• Entomologists
• Agronomists
• Physicists
• Chemicals
• Wine companies
Project Phases
Experimental activity
Numericalmodeling
The project
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Growing seasons 2008-2009-2010Experimental measurements carried out
in three vineyardsVarieties: Nebbiolo and BarberaRegions: Monferrato and Langhe
Directly measured variables:
CONTINUOUSLY• Air temperature and humidity• PAR (Photosynthetically active
radiation)• Wind velocity and direction• Soil temperature and humidity• Net radiation
BIMONTHLY• Physiological variables (dry matter)• Point gaseous exchanges
The experimental activity
Cocconato
Fubine
CastiglionFalletto
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LAIk
inc
eR
R 1int
LAI2000 Li-Cor
Experimental setup Multi PAR probe Tecno-El
Lcpro+ LiCor ECH2O EC-TM Decagon
Photosintetic Light Temp Smart SensorPro RH and TempHobo
Data from:Agrometeorological network, Regione Piemonte
Meteohydrographic network, ARPA Piemonte
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Use of ultrasonic anemometersCorrections for:
- Too high temperatures- Tilted positionment with respect to the active surface
Need to evaluate the fluxes with respect to the streamline plane
Execution of a planar fit: mean values over a “long” (30 min) period in order to avoid short term variations
-z axis is fixed (perpendicular to the plane)-x-y axes vary in the time: u wind speed is aligned along the mean wind speed (// to the plane)
Turbulence measurements
Solent R2 Gill Ins.KH2O Campbell
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Meteorological behavior 2008-2009
Precipitation
Temperature
Relative humidity
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Sensible heat fluxesin the three sites (2009)
------ Cocconato-- -- Castiglion Falletto- - - Fubine
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Vegetation parameters 2008 - 2009
Vegetation height
Vegetation cover
LAI
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University of TOrino model of land Process Interaction with
AtmosphereNew version (2010) of LSPM (Land Surface Process Model)
(Cassardo et al., 1992)1-D diagnostic model
Vegetation – 1 layer ( “BIG LEAF”)
Vegetation classes characterized by:Vegetation classes characterized by:
• Minimum stomatal resistance• Leaf diameter• Root depth• Albedo • Emissivity • Height • Cover • Leaf Area Index (LAI)
The UTOPIA model
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Turbulent fluxes, flux-gradient law by analogy with Ohm's Law
'' wcH p
Heat flux physics in UTOPIA
H = Hf +Hg faffbpaf TTscH
fafdpag TTscH 11
Sensible heat flux for a vegetated surface Latent heat flux for a vegetated surface
HfHg
H
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Calculation of energy budget components: using traditional initialization of vegetation parameters
using observations for initializing vegetation parameters
Comparison with observations Net radiation
Sensible heat flux
Latent heat flux
Sensitivity analysis on vegetation parameters in order to investigate the most critical ones
The experiments with UTOPIA
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UTOPIA simulations: energy balance 2008 - 2009
Latent HFSensible HF
Soil HF
Net radiation
2008 2009
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UTOPIA simulations: vegetation parameters 2008 - 2009
Vegetation height
LAI
Vegetation cover
Value of the vegetation class vineyards
Measured value
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UTOPIA: comparison with different initializationstranspiration 2008 - 2009
20092008
Model using a specific vegetation classModel using measured data for some variables
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Comparison between UTOPIA and measurements – 2009
r2 0.91
r2 0.86
Sensible HF
Net radiation
Francone et al., 2010. Preliminary Results on the Evaluation of Factors Influencing Evapotranspiration Processes in Vineyards. Water, 2, 916-937
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Sensitivity analysys on parameters used by UTOPIAFor describing vegetation processes
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a) Net Radiation (W m-2)b) Sensible Heat Flux (Wm-2)c) Latent Heat Flux (W m-2) d) Soil-Veg Heat Flux (W m-2)e) Transpiration (W m-2)
Francone et. al, 2011. Sensitivity analysis based investigation of the behaviour of the UTOPIA land surface process model. A case study for vineyards in northern Italy. Submitted.
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Infections in the three sites during 2009
• At Fubine and Cocconato, the intensity and spread of downy mildew attacks was evaluated. • The first symptoms occurred around June 20th, following the rains in the first half of June. On June 30th,
at Fubine more than two third of leaves (corresponding to more than 10% of total leaf area) were affected for Barbera, and sligthly less for Nebbiolo. At Cocconato, the percentages were sligthly lower
• Due to the several rainfall events occurred in July, at Fubine almost every night the leaves were wet for few hours. Thus the disease spread on about 90% of leaves for Barbera and three quarters for Nebbiolo
• At Cocconato, the observed nocturnal leaf wetness was lower or absent, causing the intensity of the attack to decrease to three fifties for Barbera and one quarter for Nebbiolo
• These preliminary results show that microclimatic factors can consistently affect the quality of the wine, altering the conditions in which the fruits maturate
• Further deeper analyses are required to get more quantitative results, however these results evidence the impact of microclimate and, considering the effects of climate change, pose several threatens for the possible impacts on the wine quality
DATE 17/JUL/2009 30/JUL/2009 27/AUG/2009
% LEAF
SURFACE % LEAVES
ATTACKED % LEAF
SURFACE % LEAVES
ATTACKED % LEAF
SURFACE % LEAVES
ATTACKED
“BARBERA” FUBINE 1,6 21,3 2,3 26,5 8,1 46,5
“NEBBIOLO” FUBINE 2,7 27,5 3,0 29,8 17,3 78,0
“BARBERA” COCCONATO 2,8 22,3 1,7 22,0 0,1 3,0
“NEBBIOLO” COCCONATO 1,8 19,3 1,3 16,0 0,1 2,0
Table 1 - Downy mildew infection trend detected on Fubine and Cocconato vineyards (2009)
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Conclusions• Meteorological behaviors are similar in the three sites, with interannual
variations larger than site-to-site variations:2009 warmer and drier than 20082009 heat wave one month earlier than in 2008
• Micrometeorological measurements allow detecting some local differences:Cocconato is the driest siteIn Cocconato soil and air are warmer starting from mid July ( importance of
soil texture and site orientation) effects on sensible heat flux• The application of UTOPIA model at local scale can provide a wide range of
variables difficult to measure extensively in the wine regionsThese parameters can be linked with wine qualityNeed to check UTOPIA to be confident on these values – critical points are:
Influence of tilting on solar radiationInitial/boundary conditions of vegetation parameters (LAI, cover, height, …)Accurate description of soil texture
• The micrometeorological measurements, as well as model output, can be used to understand the vineyard microclimate and to assess some factors relevant for determining the must quality
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