The Progressives’ Strategies for Social and Government Reform Insider/Outsider: Insider/Outsider:
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Transcript of The Progressives’ Strategies for Social and Government Reform Insider/Outsider: Insider/Outsider:
The Progressives’ Strategies for Social and Government
Reform
Insider/Outsider:
Who were the Progressives?
Age: Most born between 1860 and 1880
Class: Middle-class originsHard workSelf-DisciplineIndividual EthicEducation
Race: Mostly White
Why dissatisfied?Series of economic panics 1870-1890
Labor unrest
Flood of immigrants
Industrialization
Homestead strike, 1892
What’s the solution?“Association”
“Municipal Housekeeping”
“Social Solidarity”
Strengthen the State
Outsiders: “Municipal
Housekeepers”&
Muckrakers
Jane Addams
c. 1885 c. 1900
Founding of Hull House
Established 1889, Chicago
Hull House Growth
Expanding Reforms
• Neighborhood: Play spaces, garbage collection
• City: Child labor, strike mediation
• State: Factory inspection, juvenile court system
• Nation: Children’s Bureau, Workplace safety
Julia Lathrop• 1893: Charities investigator
• Pioneer in “applied sociology”
• Chicago School
• Immigrants’ Protective League
• 1912: First head of federal Children’s Bureau
• Other issues: suffrage
Florence Kelley
• 1893: IL chief factory inspector
• 1899: Nat’l Consumers’ League;Henry Street Settlement
• 1912: Child labor/Children’s Bureau
• Other issues: suffrage, NAACP
Networks Emerge
Organizations:• Chicago School/U Chicago• NY School of Philanthropy• Other settlement houses in Chic/NYC• Immigrants’ Protective League• WTUL (1903)• Children’s Bureau (1912)• NAWSA /NWP
Hull Hous
e
Issues:• Immigrant abuse• Women’s work hours• Child labor/welfare• Public health• Woman suffrage• Peace• Racial Equality
Muckrakers• Ida Tarbell
• Jacob Riis
• Upton Sinclair
Insiders:Theodore Roosevelt
&Woodrow Wilson
Presidential Power
• Reclaiming political power
• Trustbusting
• Consumer protection
• Conservation
Northern Securities Co.
• Railroad trust=public outrage
• Federal antitrust lawsuit
• Trust dissolved, 1904
"Mr. Morgan could not help regarding me as a big rival operator who either intended to ruin all his interests or could be induced to come to an agreement to ruin none.“ TRoosevelt
Coal Strike of 1902
• 100,000 PA union miners
• Owner refuses to negotiate
• TR suspends strike
• First federal interventionin labor strike as arbitrator
Food Safety
1905, Sausage stuffing
•The Jungle, novel, 1906
• Meat Inspection Act
• Pure Food & Drug Act
Woodrow Wilson
1918
• Mixed record as Progressive
• “Triple wall of Privilege”:Tariff, Banks, Trusts
• Federal Reserve Act(1913)
• Federal Trade Commission (1914)
Significance
• Insider & Outsider efforts at every level of society
• Belief in Authority of State
• Broad agenda aimed at transformation of lower and upper classes
Questions?
Rockefeller, 1900: “What a funny little government!”