The Process Model of Communication

Background

1. Came out of telephone development

2. Concerned with efficiency 3 Is the message that was sent the

same as the message received? 4. What are the barriers to

communication, called ‘noise’?

One way street

1. Process favours sender 2. Sender controls communication 3. Jug and mugs theory 4. The physical form of the message

is more more important than its content

5. Success depends on efficient transmission

message is

What is missing from process model?

1. Feedback 2. Awareness of meanings in

message 3. Involvement of receiver 4. Relevance of culture and context 5. Importance of ambiguity in many

messages

Barriers to communication

Mechanical - stutter, deafness, low voice, distance, noise

Psychological - state of mind affects response to message, e.g. After seeing accident or hearing bad news

Semantic – technical words, jargon, dialect words, foreign language

Barriers 2 Organisational – not having

enough books, microphones not working, room too small, class too large to teach properly

Jakobson’s model

addresser –also sender – Context – background of culture and

situation message Contact – how does communication

begin, first reactions Code – ways in which message is

conveyed addressee – also receiver

Jakobson’s 6 functions emotive – feelings and attitudes of sender

referential – how does this message relate to the world

poetic – form and style of message phatic – establishing a bond, how are you?

You’re looking good metalingual – how does the language work? conative – how does the receiver respond

Benetton advert emotive – Benetton sets out to shock referential – the world is a violent place poetic – black and bleak, grim faces,

Benetton is brighter? phatic – stomach churning, you are

caught up in drama Metalingual – We bring the colour back

to the world Conative- the reader is paralysed, but

reads and is aware of Benetton