THE PROBLEMIST SUPPLEMENT 001
Transcript of THE PROBLEMIST SUPPLEMENT 001
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1/8
EDITOR:
SOLUTIONS
EDITOR:
SELECTIONS
EDITOR:
THE
PROBLEMIST
SUPPLEMENT
ISSUE
1
MAY 1992
B
D Stephenson,
I
Roydfietd
Drive,
Warerrhorpe,
SHEFFTELD,
S19 6ND
M McDowell,
76 Bosron
Avenue,
SOUTHEND-ON-SEA,
Essex,
SS2 6JB
J
R
Coward, 25
Elmwood
Avenue,
HARROW,
Middtesex.
HAg
8AJ
Welcome
to the first
issue
of our
new
supplement
lo
The
Problemlst
The intention
is
to
supply
explanatory
material
for
those
new
to
chess
composition.
As
far
as
possible, solutions wili be given in full and
all
terms will
be
defined.
.
All
originals
printed
here
will
take
part
in
the
normal
Problemist
tournaments.
do
that
publication
in
this
supplement
will
be
equivalent
to
publication
in
the main
magavrne.
For
this
supplement,
I
am lookinq
for
straightforward
originals
of all
types.
ld6allv,
they should
be
pointed,
well
constructed,
arid
have
entertainment
value.
lf
you
think
that
you
have
anything
suitable,
plilase
submit it
in..the normal
way
to the
appropriate
sub-
editor,
stating
that you
consider'it
may
be
suitable
for
the
supplement.
lf
you
have
already
submitted
something
ivnicn
is
awaiting
publication,
but whiCh
vou
think
would
be better
published
here,
pkiase
write
to
the
sub-editor
and
advise him..
The
supplement
will
have
its
own
unified
solving
ladder
and all will
be eligible
to
enter
it.
Prizes
will
be
in
line
wilh
the main
Jnag.azlne.
Solving
rules
are explained
later
In
lhrs
rssue.
.
Problemists
use
algebraic
notation,
just
tne same as many
players
do,
but
we use
'S'
(an
abbreviation
for
'Springer',
the
German
word
for
a chess
Kniqht)
tdstand
for
Kniqht.
This
is
because
'N'-is
used for
someth-ing
else...
We
start this issue
with
an expert
analvsis
by
John
Coward
ol three
probldms
sele6ted
by him.
lt
is
intended
that
this
becomes
a
regular
series.
lf
any
reader
wishes
to
write
a short
article,
suitable
for
beginners,
on any
aspect
ot cness
composilion,
I
would
be
very
pleased
to
receive
it.
SELECTIONS
(A)
is
a two-mover,
the
'#2'
under the
diagram
being
shorthand
for
'White
to
play
and mate
in
two
moves aqainst
anv defence'.
l
is
a
prizewinner
by American-composer
Frederick
Gamage
(1882-1
957). This
tipe
of
problem
is
called
an incomplete
biock.
Mates
are
already
provided,
or
bet,
for
some
of
black's moves
(if
it
were his
move),
but
the
position
seems very
open,
so the
solver
might
well look
for
a key
(White's
first
move)
with
a
threat;
but,
surprisinolv,
the kev is
a
waiter
(making
no
thieat),-comptetin
the
DlocK.
(A)
F
W GAMAGE
1st Prize,
American
Chess Butletin,
1940
:r:ii:::i:
: :til:i::::il
:::t::::::lif
#2
There
is-a
clue
to
the
key
move,
if
you
look
at
119
yvs 0;
il controls two squares
in
the bK's
fiefd
-
d5
and d7,
but both
of these
are
already
well
guarded.
lf
White
tried 1.Kf8
or
1.Kf7
as
a
key,
he would
be
relying
on the
Sf6 to
guard
67, and
at the same
t-ime
threatening
2.e8=S
#;
but there
are several
BDS
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r
'
l'
',',
'
,,
WY
I
A',
g
r
,A
:^
:Atr'
AA,A
.........'.....'.i.,.,
..l
l...gi.....
l..
AEO
,::::l.l;.l,::::l
:.::Al
A:.:,.:.:.lll:l::;
A
'''
:,....,,,
=
'\
T-
I
/\
IJ
s#2
-
z-
moves defeating
this
-
1...Re4,Qe3,Qb4
or
Rb4.
So
why
is
the
Sf6 there?
On closer
insoection, one sees
that
White
has
to do
something
about
1...Qb4
or
1...Rb4,
threatening
to escape
with
2...Kxcs.
This illustrates
an
important
guide
for
solvers.
lf
you
see
a parlicularly strong
Black
move,
which
hasn't
got
a
mate set
for it,
look
for
a
key which
provides
a
mate
for it.
The solution
is
-
Z.KCJ
+
2.Rc4 *
z-Kco
f,
2.Qh6
#
2
-Rxd4
*
L.Sd? zugzwang.
1...Qf4,Qe3,Rd3
1...Re4
1...Rd5
1. . .Qb4,Qd3,
Ra4, Rb4,
Rr4'
f4
A was) can
also
be
found in
selfmates.
Here
mates
-
or
White
replies
forcing
Black
to
mate
-
are
already set
for all
3
Black moves.
For
example,
if it
were Black's move in
the
diagram
position,
and
he
played
1...Qxh5,
Whlte
would
play
2.Q96+, torcing Black
to
play 2...Qx96
#.
White can only
maintain
this
zugzwang
by
a
key
move which
spoils all
these
lines,
but
it substitutes
new
ones.
This
type of
problem
is
called
a mutate. To
appreciate
it fully the solver
should notice
all
the set
play
and the changes.
The setting
may appear
rather heavy,
but
firstlv, since there
is
no
threat, all unwanted
Black moves
(eg.
1...Oh3) have
to be
"plugged",
and secondly,
selfmate is
a
much
more
restrictive medium
for
the
composer
than direct
mate
-
especially
in
the
construction
of a
number of changed
lines
of
play.
Nevertheless,
the
composer
finds
a
pleasingly
simple
mechanism
for
achieving
3
cnanges.
Solution
-
SeL
play
-
1...Qxf4
2.Kd6+
Qxe5
#
1...Qxh5
2.Q96+
Qxqf6
*
1...Qx95
2-Qe7+
QxeT
+
I.d6l
zugzwang.
t
. .
.QxI4
2.Kd5
i
Qxe5
{
I
.
. .Qxh5
2.Qt]
+
Qxtl
#
1...Qxq5
2.Qq8+
QxgS
#
The
bQ
and bRd4 are
half-pinned
on
the
d-file against
the
bK.
When one
moves
away
it leaves the
other
unable
to
move.
Ot
special
interest
here
is the
move
1...Qf4,
pinninq
the
bRd4,
but
unpinning
the
bRg3,
thus
forcing
White
to
play
2.Rc3
#
shutting
off the
bRg3.
Two other specific
wR
moves,
2.8c6
#
and
2.Rc4 # are
separately
forced,
the
latter taking
advantage
ot the
pinned
bQ.
Other
Black
moves,
not
given
above
because
of
lack of space,
lead to a
choice o{
mates
by
White.
Such
choices
are
called
duals.
(B)
S
MLADENOVTC
The Problemist,
1987
(B)
is a selfmate,
the
'S#2'
under
the
diaoram
meanino
'White
to
olav
and
force
Bta6k
to
mate
Wlite
in
2 moVed'. Some
of
the
ideas found
in
direct
mate
problems (as
(c)
T GARAI
3rd
Prize,
The Problemist,
1986
tfl
I
t
I
raa:
.3
^
.:
E..il'
A
ah:
t I
:.'
f-l
..
:..
...:ll.'.''.
.. li.....i
....,.
....
..,. ..i...t...,'.i
A
.'...l..'i.il...li.
A
..'..u..i,.'.'.
I
l;:::'ll::
*
l:l:il:l:.::':l:.o
A'
'r^
"
a
H#2
Two
solutions
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(C)
is
a
helpmate,
the
'H#2'
under the
diagram
indicating
'Black
plays
first
and co-
operates with White to enable White to mate
Black
on his
(White's)
second
move'. There
is
a convention that the shorter helDmates
should have 2
(or
more)
solutions,
which
should
be
thematicallv
similar.
or
well
'twinned'. Also,
the
m-aterial
used
should
take
part
in
all solutions, as
far
as
possible.
Looking
at this
problem
as a solver, what
is
the
wPf2
doing?
lt
is not
controlling
a
souare
in
the
bK's field.
Solvers should
always
remember
that the bK
is not
always
mated
on
his
stafting square, but
here
he
clearly
is.
He cannot
be
mated
on
94,
so the
wPf2
must move,
to
control
94
or
95.
White's
other
move
-
his
mating move
-
should
be
obvious when we
come
to
it,
but
the clever
part
is Black's two
moves,
when
a
lot
happens in
both solutions.
Most
importantly,
Black
checks on
his
second
move
and White replies with
mate by
discovery;
this type
of
problem
is called
a
cross-checker. The
lines
for
both
White's
R
and
B
are cleared
so that one delivers
mate
while
the
other
pins
a
Black
piece
which
would
otherwise
have
interposed;
and
another Black
piece
(not pinned)
which could
also
have
othenryise interposed, is
shut off by
a
Black
piece.
This
is called
black
interference. The
same two Black
pieces
-
R and
S
-
are used
in
both solutions,
with
theirfunctions
reversed in
each. Clearly, the
solutions
are
well
'twinned'.
2.Se6+ in
one solution
is
called
a self-pin.
In
the'other
solution, the same
result
is
achieved by what is called
a
half-pin;
after
1.Rxd5,
if
either
this
R
or
the
bS
moves
off
the
rank,
the other one is
pinned.
Solutions
-
1.Rdb7 f3
2.Sxe6+ d6 r
1-Rxd5 f4 2.str,7+ e'7
#
JRC
ORIGINALS
Our first
set of originals are
not
all original
because of
a
lack
of
material
-
so composers
olease
note
PS1
is
by
a
little known
British
composer
of the last
century. I hope
that
it
brings
enjoyment.
PS2 is
by
another
little known
composer,
this time from
Sweden.
Afier
these two
ouotations
we
can
savour two
originals
fr
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-4-
PS2 FOERIKSSON PS3 DJSHIRE
Mora Tidning, 1935
(Canterbury)
PS1 R
KELLY
(Source
unknown)
PS4
BP BARNES
(Rochestel
PS7
B
BOROVIK
(Ukraine)
PSs M PFEIFFER
1st Prize,
Tecza. 1931
PS8
S
MLADENOVIC
(Yugoslavia)
PS6 V
KOZHAKIN
(cts)
K
CAMERON
#3
PS9
w\l
-
1,,,
,
.
'^A.,.s...
,....',...lll
g
i..:
...t...
::it:iia
#2
,,,, ,,,,l,,.
i6t:
t:::rilr::::i:l
I|-::
.::
:..
;
........:
a
.::
:A :.:::
A
ii,i]:]|iliii
j]:*:::A.]]i*:
.I
,ll,
n' :':'
'rf'l
:I:}
TJ
#2
t
A I
:::,
Illrtl
A
,&r:
_4.
,i[.
#2
(tries)
,,:::::::t::::
:i]t::::::::::At::::,:i:i::
:E'.
A,
H::il :i:A'::*:'f:r
fr,
:':
I,
,,,:,i'
,,,
I
,:
...'...,.,....i
.,.,.,.,.,1
'',,
,'
,,,,,,1:::,:,t
/l
t,:,:i:tl:::tt,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
:::,,:i:::l
. .
-r\
qr+:
:
El l4'
*lE-e
^
6Jt3
l]l:::::]::il]:*il
::fii::
:;:]]:i:i:::,
.,....:,t,,...
..........l'.. i
......ll.A
^
,i:,. ,
tl, ::
:,
,,,,,,
(-
,,,:t::
A
:,1:,
fj
l-i
:::::
#3
#3
Four solutions
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PS1O
ASLESARENKO
(Russia)
H#2
Two
solutions
PS13
MGREENACRE
(lpswich)
s#2
PS16
A
VASILFfiKO-;:
(lJkraine)
.
^.
H#3
Circe
Two solutions
-5-
PSl1
N BANTYSH
(cts)
H#3
2 solutions
PS14
ASHURYAKOV
(Uknine)
SH=77
PS12
B EDWARDS
(Paisley)
PSl5
LGROLMAN
H#3
Circe
Two
solutions
(b)
e6=wS
PS18 FSABOL
(Czechoslovakia)
SH#4
Circe
(b)wRa2
->
h3
P$TZ
TKAFDOS
(llungary)
SH#l0
Grasshopper f1
.....'.,....iiliiit,,..i,...ilii'iit.'ii...i
.;;:::::",:";
""::i::::'
irt:ilirtii:::
:::lrii:::rri
iiti:i
l::u
ill;,,,,,o,,,
l;:;l
l:l
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SOLVING
RULES
A
correct
solution
is:
(d
Direct
mates, selfmates
and
reflexmates:
(i)
2-movers
-
a correci
keymove.
(ii)
3
moves
or
more: a correct
l(eymove
and
at
least
one
correcl continuation
(as
tar as the
last White
move belore
mate)
leading
to
a
forced mate
in
the stipulated
number
of moves
(or
the
number o{
moves claimed
for
a short
solution).
(b)
Helpmates'. a
@rrecl sequence
of
moves ending
in mate.
rc)
A
carred
claim of
no solution.
There will be three
scoring
levels:
(a)
Male in 2, selfmate
in 2, rellexrnate
in
2.
(b)
Mate
in
3, selfmate
in 3,
reflexmate in 3,
helDmate
in 2.
(c)
Male in 4 or more,
seif
mate in 4 or more,
reflexmate
in 4 or
more, helpmate
in 3 or
more.
Solutions
will be awarded
points
as
follows:
(a)
A
correct
solution lo
a single
problem,
the
stipulated
number
of
correct
solutions
to
a
mulli-solution
or
correcl solulions
to all
parts
of
a
multi-part
problem.
In
a
helpmate
a
solution
must be
given
lor
each
stipulated sel-play.
A
duplex
problem
counts
as
a
problem
with
2
solutions.
(b)
Penalty
for
tailing
to
give
a
correct
continuation
when the correct
keymove
has
been
given (does not
apply
to
helpmates
where
a complete
sequence
of
moves must be
given
to
get
a score).
bc
(c)
Penalty lor
missing
or
incorrecl solution
in
a
multi-solution
or
multi-part
problem
or
for
an incorrect additional solution.
(d)
Bonus
for additional
correct solution
or
lor a solution
in less than the slipulated
number
of
moves
(not
more than
one
bonus score
per
problem).
4.
ll
the
diagram
shows an
illegal
position,
the
problem
should
be solved
as
if it were
legal
and
points
will be awarded
as above.
A
correct
claim
of
illegality
will score a
bonus o1
1
point.
An incorrect claim
of
illegality
will incur a
penalty
ol
1
point.
-6-
5.
No
score
ot
less than zero
will
be
given
for
a
problem.
PROBLEM
CONVENTIONS
by
Michael
McDowell
The most basic oroblem
convention
is
that
a
problem
should
be
a
legal
position,
that
is
one
which could
be
arrived
at
from the
starting
posilion
of
a
game.
This avoids
unaesthelic
monstrosities
such
as a
white
bishop
on a1
hemmed
in by a white
pawn
on
b2.
Composers
often
construct
illegal
positions
as
jokes
to entertain their
friends,
but
occasionaily
a
serious composition
is
published
without
the
illegality
being
immediately
evident.
A
good
example
is
the
rniniature
(1),
with its
pieasing
echoed
mates
atter
capture
of
the
knights. I
wonder
how
many solvers
at the time
noticed
that
black
coulil
not
have
played
last?
(1)
R COLLTNSON
London
Telegraph,
1907
1.Qa7
[2.Qe3
O
Kxg4
3.Qf4
#]
1...Kx95
2.Qg'l+
Kh4
3.Sf5
1.
.
.Kx94
2.Qe3
O
Kh4
3.Qf4
#
1...Kx93
2.QgI+
Kh4 3.Sf3 #
Another
convention,
aimed at
avoiding
uqlv
oositions,
holds that
there
should
not be
pionioted
force
in the diagram.
While
few
would disagree
that a
position
ieaturing
six
bishoos
and
five
rooks
would
hold
little
appeal
lor
a
casual
solver
(not
to
mention
the
difiiculty
of setting
up such
a
position
without
a
second
set
of
pieces),
the
rule
is
relaxed
somewhat in the 6ase
oi
positions containing
obtrusive
force.
In
(2)
the black bishop
on
d4 clearlv
did
not come
from
f8,
but
the
attractiveness
of
the setting
is
hardly
corilpromised.
This
masterpiece
by
abc
abc
1-2-3
abc
123
tt
EI
:::::::
|:-t-
:
,,::r+\
:::i
:::t=:l
.. ?r
A
#3
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Loshinski
illustrates
the very
difficult
task
of
four
mates
following
black-self-interference
changed
between
set
and actual
play,
and
it
would
be absurd
to lose
such
a'marvellous
problem
through
the over-rigid
application
of
a debatable
convention.
(2)
L I LOSHINSKI
1st Prize.
e.a. Russian
Sports
Committee, 1948
qaf
hl.r'
-
-7
-
problems
in
which
a
small adjustment
to
the
diagram
creates
a second
problem
with new
p ay.
(5)
is
a
fine
exampie, with
the
black
king
visiting
his four
diagonal
or
star-flights
in
(a)
and his
four
lateral
or
plus-flights
in
(b).
(3)
NGGVANDTJK
(Atler
B Larsson)
Ostledingen, 1959
1,
.Kfz
t
(2
.
Qxbl
*
)
1.
-
.S- 2.Qa7
#
(4)
E A
DUGAS
The
Problemist,
1980
I.
. .BaZ 2
.Fxa'l
*
1.
. .Sf4 2.cxd4
#
1...Sf6
2.Se6
#
1...e6
2.Bd6
#
1...Qe6
2.Sxe6
#
Sofut ion
1.Sc7
. .Eaz
1...Sf4
1.
. . Sf
6
1...e6
1.
. .Qe6
1.
. .0x95
1-..Qxc5+
1...Qd6
f .
- -Kes
(2.Qd5
#)
2.5a6
+
2.Se4
#
2.Sce6
#
2.Qf8
#
2
. Scxe6
#
2.Sce6
#
2.Qxc6
*
2.Rb5
#
2.Sxe4
#
Castling
is
allowed
in
a
problem
as
long
as it
cannot
be
proved
that
either
kino
or rook
has
moved
in
the
plav
leadino
ud
to the
diagram.
ln
(8) (yeb,
f know
thb nitmbering
ts
stily,
but
that's
my
fault, not Michael's
-
Ed/
castling
appears
as
a set
mate,
neatly
c.hanged
by the
key,
but in
(3),
castling ia
rllegal,
as
the
white
pawns
have
not moved
and hence
the black king
must have
reached
a2 via
d1 ot
d2
afier hiicounterpart
vacated
e1.
En
passant,
on the
other hand,
is
only
legal
as
a
key move
if
it
can
be
proved
tha:t
the last
move
was
a
double
pawn-step.
(4)
is
a simple
example
which
needs
no
exolanation.
Many
problems
add
variety
by havinq
multiple
phases.
Set mates- foll6w
btacl
moves
from the diagram, while the variations
which follow
the
key move
form
the actual
play.
Tries
are
attdmpted keys
which fail
to
a
single
black
defence,
and will
be
considered
in
a separate
article.
Twins
are
1.hxg
ep
(2.97
#l
1...Bh7
2.Rxh7
#
Much
rarer
than
the twin
is
the
multi-
solution
problem
in which
there is more
than
one
intended
solution
in
the diagram.
Composers
vary
in
their
attitudes to
-such
compositions;
however
(6) gives
some idea
of
their
possibilities.
The
famous
Indian
theme
(in
which
a
piece crosses
a
critical
square
in
order
to
allow a
second
piece
to
interfere
on
that
square
and
release
a
potential
stalemate) is
shown four
times
with
great
clarity
and remarkable
economy
of
#2
#2
-
7/23/2019 THE PROBLEMIST SUPPLEMENT 001
8/8
means.
Finally, where
possible
the
key move
of a
problem
should be thematic, that
is it
should
introduce the
play
which follows. With many
complex
ideas
such a
key is impractical,
but
il
achieved
it adds considerably
to
the
enjoyment and value of a
problem.
Consider
(7),
where
1.Kd6
grants
the
black
king
his
pair
of
flights, while allowing the
rook
checks
which form
the core o{ the oroblem. Gerald
Anderson must have
been delighted
to
find
that
he
could
incorporate
such
a
wonderful
Key.
(5)
J J GILL
(AJterc
Latzel)
1st HM.. The Problemist.
l967
(b)
wSeT
->
t5
1.Re3+
1...Kd6 2.Se8
#
1...Kxf6
2.Qxb2
#
1...Kf4 2.Sfd5
#
1...Kd4 2.Sf5
#
1 cEql
-.'^-.'.n^
1...Kxf5 2.Re2
#
1...Ke6 2.Rb5
#
1.
.
.Kd5
2.Re3
#
1...Ke4 2.Rc5
#
(6)
w seecxrtrlnN,
H STAUDTE
&
B
scHwARzKopF
Aachener Nachrichten, 1966
-8-
1.Ra3
96
2.Bb3 Kd3
L.8a2
96
2.Rb3 Kd5
1.Rf8
96
2.Bf7
Kf5
1.898
96
2.Rf7
Kd5
(7)
G
F
ANDERSON
ll
Secolo,
1919
3.Bd5
{
3.Rb4
+
3.Bd5
{
3.Rf4
{
1
. Kc7-d6 |
12
.Qe'l-b'1
1. . .Rd3+
2.Bd5
#
f...Hgo+ z.bea
T
1.
. .Kb6
2.8c2
+
1.
-
.Kb4
2
-Kxc6
#
(8)
C
S
KTPPTNG
Falkirk Herald, 1923
1
-Rh4
zugzwang
t...oJ l.Kxc4
i
r. .ez z.ET+ x
1...B- 2.S(x)b3
or S(x)
*)
#2
(b)
#3\
(4
Solutions)
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