THE PRESIDENT’S BACKGROUND The Truman Administration.
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Transcript of THE PRESIDENT’S BACKGROUND The Truman Administration.
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THE PRESIDENT’S BACKGROUND
The Truman Administration
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Macro Concepts
Power
Conflict
Leadership
Change
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Political Spectrum
Reactionary
Radical Liberal Conservative
1.
of, pertaining to, marked by, or favoring reaction, esp. extreme conservatism or rightism in politics; opposing political or social change.
–adjective
1.
disposed to preserve existing conditions, institutions, etc., or to restore traditional ones, and to limit change.
–adjective
3.
favoring drastic political, economic, or social reforms: radical ideas; radical and anarchistic ideologues.
–adjectie
1.
favorable to progress or reform, as in political or religious affairs.
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Harry S Truman
How did Truman’s background make him ideally suited for the Presidency, and How did Truman’s background handicap him as President?
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Micro Concepts
Work Ethic
Education
Character
Politics
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Truman’s Background
Father was a farmer, grew up with the work ethic of a farmer
Poor eyesight prevented him from participating in many sports
In National Guard prior to, and Artillery captain in WWI
Led men from all walks of life
They loved him
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Truman’s Background
Failed businessman after WWINo college educationWas VERY well readElected by a political machine to the SenateAlways felt he had to fight that tarnishEarned a rep as tough and fair
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Micro Concepts Revisited
Work Ethic
Education
Character
Politics
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Truman as President
What were the massive challenges that Truman faced when he became the President?
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Presidential Micro Concepts
Fear
Unemployment
Labor
Civil Rights
Red Scare
Centrism
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Fear!
Fear of a new Depression (round two)WWI = 2 income families = cost-plus
contracts = war bonds = end to depression but...
People did NOT want this to happen - try to put policies and agencies in place to mitigate against it
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Jobs
Full employment 99+% but ...many are held by women
14,000,000 men are coming home, what will they do for a living?
GI Bill of RightsMoral obligation to American citizens to provide X, Y, and Z
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War & Social Climate
Shotgun marriages Rise in illegitimacy
Women become bread-winners Women change their ideas about their roles in the
familyDivorce rate spikes in late 1940’s
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Taft-Hartley Act
Big blow to Unions, very conservative anti-New Deal
proposed a cooling off periodoutlawed closed shopsmany states passed right-to-work laws
Radical or Reactionary?
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Truman & Civil Rights
President’s Committee on Civil Rights
called for desegregation in society,
anti-lynching legislation, end to poll taxes,
1948 Truman desegregated the armed forces by Executive Order and forbade racial discrimination in federal jobs
Jackie Robinson
Radical or Reactionary?
Radical or Reactionary?
or...Progressive?
or...Progressive?
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Succession & Terms
Needed a way to succeed the Presidency in case of a nuclear war created a lineage to succeed in case of govt
decapitation22nd Amendment
Limited President to two full terms was aimed at FDR’s term of office
Liberal or Conservative?
Liberal or Conservative?
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Early Red Scare
American Fears: spread of communism, nuclear war, communist infiltration, fear of new depression -- pols played off these fearsSmith Act and overthrowing govtHUAC indicts Alger Hiss in 1947
•HUAC persecutes liberals, Hollywood, New Dealers, etc
Truman’s loyalty program -- gave FBI authority to go after “reds”, ID’d 90 disloyal organizations
•Loyalty Review Board -- investigated thousands of federal employees, loyalty oaths issued
Radical or Reactionary?
Radical or Reactionary?
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1948 Election
Democrats and Dixiecrats
Truman wanted to flesh out New Deal programs
Republicans wanted to dismantle New Deal and anti-labor
Dewey Defeats Truman?
Truman’s victory came from those groups that were threatened by Reps
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The Fair Deal
Truman attempted to add to the New Deal did raise minimum wage, provide for
public housing, and extend SS Was only able to maintain the New Deal,
not add to it New Deal becomes accepted by both
parties
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The Vital Center
Political consensus developedThree components to “vital center”:
Anti-CommunismBelief in econ growth curing problemsPolitical pluralism -- a variety of ideas can compete in America
The “center” carries elections through 1964
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Essential Question Revisited
What were the massive challenges that Truman faced when he became the President?