THE PRESIDENT11/4-5/09

IN THE CONSTITUTION Is addressed in Article II of the Constitution “The executive power shall be vested in the

President of the United States of America” Natural born citizen, 35 years old, 14 years in the

United States, elected by majority of electoral college

The Framers argued whether the President should be elected by congress or the people

The framers tried to find a republican solution and make the president responsible to state and national legislators rather than directly to the electorate.

The president was strengthened with a shift in the 1830’s away from the caucus system towards the convention system.

EXPRESSED POWERS Military

Section 2“Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy of the US, and of the Militia of the several States, when called into the actual service of the US.”

Judicial Section 2“Power to grant reprieves and Pardons for Offences

against the US, except in Cases of Impeachment.” Diplomatic

Section 2“Power, by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, to make Treaties.” Section 3, “receive Ambassadors and other public ministers.”

Executive Section 3 president is to see to it that all the laws are faithfully

executed, section 2 gives the pres the power to appoint, remove, and supervise all executive officers and all federal judges

Legislative Section 7 and 3 give the president the power to participate

authoritatively in the legislative process.

JUDICIAL POWER

The presidential power to grant reprieves, pardons, and amnesties involves the power of life and death over all individuals who may be a threat to the security of the US.

Ford pardoned Nixon Carter granted amnesty to draft evaders in 1977 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_people_pardo

ned_by_George_W._Bush

Think, Pair, Share: Does this seem like something that the president should be able to do? Why or why not?

DIPLOMATIC POWER

The pres is america’s “head of state” He can negotiate treaties, receive

ambassadors, Executive agreement- an agreement

between the pres and another country that has the force of a treaty but does not require the Senate’s “advice and consent”

EXECUTIVE POWER

The president appoints all executive officers with the approval of the senate

Executive privilege- the claim that confidential communications between the president and the president’s close advisors should not be revealed without the consent of the president.

DELEGATED POWERS

As the power of the government has expanded since FDR’s new deal the congress has delegated more and more responsibility to the President

Since the New Deal the congress has given agencies more authority since they are supposed to have expertise in given areas

LEGISLATIVE INITIATIVE

Legislative initiative- the president’s inherent power to bring legislative agenda before congress

Executive orders- the rules or regulations issued by the president that have the effect and formal status of legislation Nixon, established EPA Roosevelt, established the executive office of the Pres Reagan, provided regulatory reform process that has

been responsible for deregulation

Journal Writing- Does it seem like the president does very much to legislate (write laws)? *lex, legis m means Law in Latin!!!!

PRESIDENTIAL HISTORY

The Legislative Epoch: 1800-1933 The 3 branches competed and balanced each

other and left little room for powerful presidents Jackson and Lincoln are exceptions to this rule

The New Deal and the Presidency Roosevelt’s new deal revolutionized the role of

government in people’s lives

The President

The White House Staff

Executive Office of the PresidentWhite House Office US Trade RepresentativeOffice of Management and Budget (OMB) Office of AdministrationCouncil of Economic Advisors Council on Environmental QualityNational Security Council Office of Science and Technology PolicyPresident’s Foreign Intelligence Advisory BoardOffice of National Drug Control Policy

The CabinetDepartment of Justice Department of Defense Department of StateDepartment of HHS Dept of Treasury Dept of AgricultureDept of Homeland Sec Dept of Housing and U.D. Dept of InteriorDept of Commerce Dept of Labor Dept of EducationDept of Transportation Dept of Energy Dept of Veterans Affairs

Independent Establishments and Government Corporations

THE CABINET

The Cabinet- The secretaries, or chief administrators, of the major departments of the government. Cabinet secretaries are appointed by the president with the consent of the Senate.

Secretaries are answerable to the president The must be approved by the senate

NATIONAL SECURITY COUNCIL

“inner cabinet” President, vp, sec of state, sec of defense,

sec of treasury, attorney general, chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and director of national intelligence

Pres. Obama, VP Joe Biden, Hillary Clinton Sec of State, Tim Geithner Sec of Treasury, Robert M. Gates Sec of Defense, James L. Jones National Security Advisor

THE EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT

EOP Office of Management and Budget (OMB)

Very important office which must approve all government spending and puts together the president’s budget proposal for every year.

Council of Economic Advisers (CEA) National Security Council (NSC) The Office of the Vice President (OVP)

Usually chosen to help bring at least one state in the election

2 jobs Be there if the Pres dies and Preside over the senate

and cast a tiebreaking vote

Peter Orszag-Director of OMB

REGULATORY REVIEW

Congress sometimes has laws which are very specific and lay out all rules on how they should be implemented

Often though, congress says “here is the problem. Deal with it.”

The executive agencies are often left to create rules and interpret the intent. The White House often takes on this role.

EXECUTIVE ORDERS

The president often makes executive decrees (often in times of emergency) if it is within the bounds of the constitution and is in pursuance of his constitutional responsibilities. Ex

Emancipation Proclamation Military Desegregation Peace Corps

Journal Writing- Does this sound like it is too much power for the President? Why or why not?