The Pre-School Years
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Transcript of The Pre-School Years
The Pre-School Years
Social Patterns &Types Of Play
Unoccupied Play- Not involved with any activity Observes what looks interesting but interest keep shifting. Solitary Play- playing alone with toys(Infant) Onlooker Play-Watching others play acts interested but not actively playing(Toddler)Parallel Play-Playing side by side but not playing together (ages 2 and 3)Associative Play- Children play together sharing toys and interact. No organization children all do what they want during play. Cooperative Play- Children play together with organization. Each kid had a task.
Types of Play • Dramatic Play- make believe and
imagination, acting and utilizing emotions and real situations.
• Active Play-interacting with kids and objects
• Passive Play-non interactive child just needs quiet time
• Manipulative- master or perfect skills like puzzles, building, coloring, or using tools.
• Sensory- using senses and motor skills
• Rough& Tumble- kids able to release energy and use emotions increase social and physical development
Social Development Age 4 Age 5 Age 6
Cooperative Play- take turns, imaginary, and games
Cooperative play &Independent
Cooperative play & Independent
Social Roles- decrease fear Understand right and wrong Accept routines
Like to make adults happy Don’t like adult criticism Challenge Rules
Fight/Tattle with Friends Less fighting with friends Friends of same gender
No sense of privacy Curious about body parts Like privacy
Strong sense of Family and Home
Proud of parents help out at home
Self Centered- rough and impatient
Learn difference of truth and lies
Start lying when in trouble Lie worry about punishment
Emotional
•Need help recognizing and expressing emotions
•Caregivers should accept this and help them understand all emotions they experience
Emotional Development Age 4 Age 5 Age 6
Understand self emotions Have Empathy Others have feelings too
Talk about how they are feeling
Increase of Frustration Learning about more complex feelings
Jealousy is common feeling they don’t understand yet
Starting to control emotions Less Emotional Outburst
Curious Peer Acceptance Gain self Esteem
Physical fight, get even to hurt feelings
Hurt other feelings- by physical pain
Tease, make fun of others to hurt feelings
Learning to cope Worry more Accept differences
At 4 years of age……..
Intent on asserting independence
Often argumentative and are bossy
Unusually loving and affectionate
Proud of accomplishments, abilities, possessions, and creations
Use new language skills with enthusiasm, enjoy sounds of it
Like when laughing at their own jokes, not their mistakes
Respect the need to explore and test. Avoid treating them like toddlers
4 Year old putting Baribes away
At 5 years of age………Quieter periodGenerally rather practical,
sympathetic, and serious Improved attention span let’s
them finish what they startedBetter memory Increasingly realisticContinue to enjoy slapjack
humor, yet can ask meaningful questions
Adult criticism is hard to takeMore patient, generous,
persistent and conscientiousSometimes feel anxious, want
to receive acceptable outcomes
Hand preference completely evident
A 5 year olds thoughts on marriage
The five year old ladies man
At 6 years of age……
Often stubborn and quarrelsome
Resent directions and act as if they know everything
Rapidly changing moods(love-hate, accept-reject, smile-storm) sometimes for no apparent reason
Learning to appreciate humorous situations and jokes
Throw themselves into fun Many are school all day long for
the first time Longing to feel grown up, but
still feel small and dependent Crave praise and approval,
easily hurt and discouraged
A 6 year olds first heartbreak
6 year old math wiz
Anger Four years- physically
fighting, anger lasts longer than before, attempt to threaten and get even
Five years- More likely to try to hurt others children's feelings than hurting physically
Six years- Even more stinging with words, they tease, insult, nag, and make fun of others
4 year old upset over oreos
FearChildren from 4-6 well
developed imagination
Accept the fear- having someone older who understands can greatly help
Let child express fear without ridicule
Help the child feel able to face to fear
4 year old toilet fears
Jealousy•Often takes form of tattling, criticizing, or even lying
•Some children react to their own feelings of jealousy by boasting. May also result in tensional outlets such as nail-biting, wetting the bed, and tantrums
•Encourage empathy to help lessen jealousy
Physical Rate of growth is only
slightly lower than from ages two to three.
Average yearly increase in height is 2 ½ to 3 inches.
Most children gain about 4 to 5 pounds per year. However, smaller or larger gains are quite common
Body becomes straighter and slimmer
Physical Development Age 4 Age 5 Age 6
Skips and hops Ties Shoes Catch & Throw Ball
Dress and Undress Self Drawing people Colors In lines
Cuts and draws Improving eye hand coordination
Writing many words
Throws & kick a ball Increase Fine/Gross Motor Skills- Hand Dominance
Developed Fine and Gross Motor Skills
Physically Active- Cant sit long
Writes Letters Cuts, paste, molds skillfully
Independent Buttons, snaps and zips clothing
Gain about 4-5 pounds a year Grows 2-3 Inches each year
Social and Moral 4- form friendships with
playmates. Best in groups of three or four. Fighting can be common. Family still more important
5- Outgoing and talkative. Best in groups of five or six. Quarreling is less frequent. More respect for others belongings. Social acceptance is important. Gossip often begins.
6- Social relations are caused by friction, aggression, threats and stubbornness. Want everything. Jealous. Best friends usually same sex; Closer and longer.
Family Relationships
Four Years- Strong sense of family and home. Apt to quarrel and bicker with siblings.
Five Years- Proud of parents and delighted to help. Protective, kind, and dependable.
Six Years- Less in harmony with family, now more self centered. They always come first. Often rough and impatient.
5 year old talks about mom
Moral Development Process of gradually
learning to base ones behavior on personal beliefs of right and wrong- begins early in life.
Cannot yet understand that it is wrong to hurt others. They just know that it makes the caregivers unhappy. They learn to avoid this behavior because they don’t want to lose the love and approval.
Lying As children start to learn
the difference between truth and lies, the information isn’t always right. Exaggerating the details of a story is common.
Help them sort fact from lie, but don’t punish the, for being imaginative.
“The Boy Who Cried Wolf” is a good example.
A reason for lying is fear of consequences. The punishment should never be so severe they are afraid.
Avoid direct confrontations.
Cognitive Development Age 4 Age 5 Age 6
Pre Operational Stage Pre Operational Stage Pre Operational Stage
Egocentric Egocentric Egocentric
Emerging sense of time, space, and numbers
Tell sequence of events Interest of time
Memory is emerging Understand relationships- animals dog, cat
Think Independently
Notice boys and girl difference
Can sort and classify groups Test Limits
Count and Sort Number and Letter sense Understand cause and effect
5 word sentences Noticing patterns Speech is 100%
Concerned about following rules
Trust others
ReadingThe importance of
reading aloud:VocabularyConceptsVicarious
experiencesUnderstanding
general information
Develop desire to learn to read
Learn how books work
Expression of love and caring
Share emotions/develop empathy
How to read aloudPreview the books
To know:LanguageStorylineHow to focus child’s
attentionUnderstand length
of the storyKnow appropriate
vocal expressionsUnderstand
emotions related to the story
How to select quality booksAward winning
storiesQuality authors and
illustratorsPoetryDr. SeussEasy readersAge appropriate
“It’s Hard to Be Five!”
Kindergarten Readiness
• http://www.cde.state.co.us/sites/default/files/documents/cdelib/brochures/download/kindergartenenglish.pdf
What is expected as a child enters Kindergarten?• At your table review your information• Create a poster with kindergarten
expectations• Include a section on tips for parents &
caregivers
Are you ready for…Kindergarten• 1. Tie Shoes and Zip Coat• 2.Follow 2/3step
direction- stand up, say your birthday spin around • 3. Write Full Name• 4.Count to 20 and • 5. Jump on one foot • 6. Match lower and upper
case letter
•R d•B n•G r•D b•N g
Learning Disabilities ADHD- cannot concentrate
for normal length of time. Children who have this often don’t finish what they start, don’t seem to listen and are easily distracted.
Dyslexia- prevents understanding symbols in a normal way. Children are often very intelligent, but their brains do not process things visually well.
Learning Disabilities1. Difficulty mastering
academic work
2. Development is uneven
3.Not due to living in a disadvantaged environment
4. Not due to mental or emotional problems
Gifted and Talented 3-10% of children are
gifted or talented. This means they are unusually intelligent or special talent in an artistic area.
Avoid overwhelming them with unrealistic expectations. Give them a chance to play with it.
Can become easily frustrated and bored in school. May be labeled “problem children”.
Most show recognizable signs by two.