The Power of the ChurchChapter 13 Section 4

Key Terms Clergy Sacrament Canon law Holy Roman Empire Lay investiture

The Far-Reaching Authority of the Church Crowning of

Charlemagne Gave the church

both spiritual and political influence

300 years earlier Pope Gelasius said conflicts could arise between the church and state

The Far Reaching Authority of The Church God created two

swords One for religion The other political

Pope should bow to emperor (political)

Emperor bow to pope (religious)

Church and rulers competed for power

Structure of the Church Power based on status

The pope in Rome headed the church

All clergy under the pope Clergy- included bishops

and priests Bishops supervised

priests Bishops settled disputes

over Church teachings Local priest is the main

contact

Religion as a Unifying Force Feudalism separated

people Shared beliefs brought

them together Church stable force

during warfare Provided Christians

with a sense of security Religion was center

stage

Religion as a Unifying Force Life was harsh Follow path to salvation Everlasting life in

heaven Priests administered

the sacraments Important religious

ceremonies Rites pave way for

salvation

Religion as a Unifying Force Baptism- became part

of the Christian Community

Village church unifying force

Religious and social center

People worshipped together

Holidays festive occasions

The Law of the Church Churches authority

spiritual and political Created a code of

justice All kings, peasants

subject to canon law Church law-

marriages and religious practices

The Law of the Church Two of the harshest

punishments were Excommunication Interdiction

Popes used excommunication a banishment from the church to yield power over political figures

The Law of the Church King quarrels with a

Pope the king would be denied salvation

Also freed all of his vassals from their duty

Interdiction- sacraments could not be performed on the kings land

The Law of the Church People believe

without the sacraments they are doomed

During 11 century these threat would force and emperor to submit to the popes commands

Otto I Allies with the Church Most effective ruler in

Medieval Germany Crowned in 936 Formed close alliance

with the church To limit nobles strength

sought help from bishops and abbots

Used power to defeat German princes

Signs of Future Conflicts Otto invaded Rome on

the Popes behalf Pope crowned him

emperor 962 Holy Roman Empire

Strongest state in Europe till 1100

Popes and Italian nobles did not like Germany’s power over Italy

The Emperor Clashes with the Pope Lay investiture-

ceremony in which kings and nobles appoint church officials

Who ever controlled lay investiture held the real power

Church reformers felt the king should not have this power

The Emperor Clashes with the Pope 1075 Pope Gregory

banned lay investitures Henry IV called a

meeting of the bishops he appointed

Emperor ordered Gregory to step down

Gregory excommunicated Henry

The Emperor Clashes with the Pope German bishops

sided with the Pope To save his throne

Henry begged forgiveness

1077 Henry crosses the alps to Canossa

Gregory was a guest there

The Emperor Clashes with the Pope Stood in bare feet

in the snow Pope was obliged

to forgive him Henry spent three

days in the snow

Concordat of Worms 1122 Church and

emperor met Reached a

compromise Church alone could

appoint bishops Emperor could veto

the appointment

Disorder in the Empire Frederick I First ruler to call

his lands the Holy Roman Empire

Invaded rich Italian cities

Merchants and the Pope joined the Lombard league

Reign of Frederick I 1176 foot soldiers of

Lombard league faced Frederick’s army of mounted knights

Battle of Legnano Italian foot soldiers defeat the knights

1177 makes peace with the Pope

Frederick drowns in 1190 empire collapses

German States Remain Separate German kings tried to

revive Charlemagne’s empire and his alliance with the church

Led to wars with Italian cities clashes with the pope

Clashes were one reason German princes did not unite

German States Remain Separate German princes

electing the king weakened royal authority

German rulers controlled fewer lands

Less of a base of power like French and English kings