THE POST-WAR ERA AND THE CATCHER IN THE RYE ENGLISH 10 REDDING.
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Transcript of THE POST-WAR ERA AND THE CATCHER IN THE RYE ENGLISH 10 REDDING.
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THE POST-WAR ERA AND THE CATCHER IN THE RYE
ENGLISH 10REDDING
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HISTORICAL CONTEXT: WWII
The Catcher in the Rye was published in 1951.
August, 1945: first atomic bombs used in warfare dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki
Reasons for the bombings controversial
In Hiroshima, approx. 70,000 people immediately killed as result of initial blast, heat, and radiation effects. After five years, the death total was approx. 200,000+ due to cancer and other long-term effects.
In Nagasaki, approx. 40,000 people were immediately killed. After five years, the death total was approx. 140,000.
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THE POST-WAR ERAAfter end of WWII (1945), growing confidence in
U.S. military and economic might
End of war rationing meant access to consumer items
Opportunities for employment for many (although women employed in wartime factories often exited the workforce)
Burgeoning consumer culture of “luxury for the masses”
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THE COLD WAR ERA1946: Churchill coins the term “Iron Curtain”
1950: North Korean Communist troops invade South Korea; U.S. and U.N. intervene
1951: Julius and Ethel Rosenberg are convicted of selling U.S. atomic secrets to the Soviet Union. They are executed in 1953
1950-1954: The Joseph McCarthy Era—investigations into alleged Communists in the government
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CULTURE OF THE POST WAR/COLD WAR ERASymbols and signs of optimism, wealth,
and vulgarity:*the car (In the ’50s, 20% of GNP of U.S. went to purchasing vehicles)* gaudy colors & chrome* the supermarket (with an astounding selection of goods)*home appliances (the “mod cons”)* the suburbs
Levittown: considered first planned, mass- produced community in the suburbs; built 1947-1951 on Long Island
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THE MAINSTREAM VS. THE ARTISTSWhile the mainstream was embracing the
consumerism and prototypical suburban family, many artists felt isolated and disconnected from the mainstream.
These artists were often seeking:*apolitical subject matter that was avant-guard (experimental or innovative)
*a divergence from past art forms
* reactions and meaning-making from the viewers/readers/listeners
Can you think of ways your generation tries to stray from the mainstream?
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ABOUT SALINGERBorn 1919 in New York City to parents Sol and
Miriam; father was Jewish, mother, Catholic
Attended public and private schools in Manhattan; then Valley Forge Military Academy in Pennsylvania (may be basis for Pencey Prep, a boarding school the main character attends)
Attended college, but didn’t graduate
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ABOUT SALINGERDistinguished himself as writer in second
semester of night class at Colombia, but many of his submitted stories were rejected by The New Yorker.
Served in WWII: participated in D-Day Landings in 1944; was one of first soldiers to enter a liberated concentration camp
Was treated for shell shock, aka combat stress reaction, after the war
Met and began correspondence with Earnest Hemingway while overseas; E.H. called Salinger “a helluva talent”
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ABOUT SALINGERThe Catcher in the Rye, featuring Holden
Caulfield, was published on in July 1951
Salinger on Catcher: "My boyhood was very much the same as that of the boy in the book.… [I]t was a great relief telling people about it.”
Novel was immediate popular success but also faced criticism for profanity, irreverance, and other “inappropriate” content
Attention after publication of Catcher led Salinger to move to a small town in New Hampshire; he never published anything after 1965 and remained a hermit until his death in 2010.
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ABOUT SALINGER’S TECHNIQUES AND THEMESTechniques/aspects of style:
*internal monologue*stream of consciousness*sparse but revealing dialogue*young characters as focus* colloquialisms intermingled with elevated diction
Themes in Catcher and other works:* youthful innocence and the loss thereof* alienation and isolation of the individual* failure to live up to parental and society’s expectations
Be on the lookout for these elements!
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HIGHLIGHTS OF THE MODERN ERATwo devastating almost-global wars: World
War I (1914-1918) and World War II (1941-1945)
Huge changes in industry and technology as compared to the 19th century
The rise in power and influence of international corporations
Interconnectedness across the globe: cultural exchanges, transportation, communication, mass (or popular) culture from the West (with "West" being considered Europe and North America)
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MODERNISMUses images ("word pictures") and symbols as
typical and frequent literary techniques
Uses colloquial language rather than formal language
Often, the intention of writers in the Modern period is to change the way readers see the world and to change our understanding of what language is and does
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MODERNISM CONTINUED
Uses language in a very self-conscious way, seeing language as a technique for crafting the piece of literature just as an artist crafts a piece of art like a sculpture or a painting.
Sees language as a special medium that influences what that piece of literature can do or can be
Form, style, and technique thus become as important--if not more so--than content or substance.
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EXISTENTIALISM Philosophical ideology that became prevalent after WWIIIndividuals give meaning to life – meaning cannot be found through
society or religionIn literature, the existential writer reacted to traditional storylines and
character development – the author of these traditional works would manipulate the plot and character choices so that everything resolved (life made sense)
With existential plots, life doesn’t make “real” sense---only the “sense you choose to make of it.” These stories deal with the absurd series of events that each person tries to make sense of.
Three core existential thematic elements: death, alienation, authenticity
Many critics argue that Catcher in the Rye fits the definition of existential through these elements. As we read, you decide!