The Politics of the Eisenhower Era APUSH Essential Question: In what way was Dwight Eisenhower's...
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Transcript of The Politics of the Eisenhower Era APUSH Essential Question: In what way was Dwight Eisenhower's...
The Politics of the Eisenhower Era
APUSH
Essential Question: In what way was Dwight Eisenhower's
foreign policy different than that of Harry Truman?
Election of 1952
Republicans? • Dwight EisenhowerDwight Eisenhower
Running Mate?Running Mate?
Democrats?
• Adlai Stevenson Adlai Stevenson
Who did most of the Who did most of the campaigning for campaigning for Eisenhower?Eisenhower?
Significance of the Significance of the “Checkers Speech”?“Checkers Speech”?p. 887p. 887
Election of 1952
Joseph McCarthy p. 898
• Republican Senator Republican Senator from Wisconsin from Wisconsin
• Needed a “winning” Needed a “winning” issue to be reelected in issue to be reelected in 1952 1952 SpiritSpirit p. 441 p. 441
• Claimed 205 Claimed 205 communists worked for communists worked for gov’t, never produced gov’t, never produced one nameone name
• In 1954 McCarthy accused In 1954 McCarthy accused the U.S. Army of the U.S. Army of sympathizing with sympathizing with communistscommunists
• What is What is McCarthyismMcCarthyism? ?
What tactics did McCarthy What tactics did McCarthy use to increase his power? use to increase his power?
Eventually censured for Eventually censured for “improper" behavior “improper" behavior & removed from the Senate& removed from the Senate
Sputnik ISputnik I• Launched by the Launched by the
Soviets in 1957Soviets in 1957• First man-made First man-made
object to orbit the object to orbit the EarthEarth
• Traveled around the Traveled around the globe once every 96 globe once every 96 minutes minutes
• What was the What was the American reaction American reaction to to SputnikSputnik??
Eisenhower’s
Foreign Policy
Eisenhower’s
Foreign Policy
Truman vs. Eisenhower
Truman vs. Eisenhower
1. Marshall Plan
2. Truman Doctrine
3. Berlin Airlift
4. NATO
5. NSC #68 p. 878
6. Korean War
1. Marshall Plan
2. Truman Doctrine
3. Berlin Airlift
4. NATO
5. NSC #68 p. 878
6. Korean War
1. Mutual security agreements.
2. Massive retaliation.
3. M. A. D. Mutual Assured Destruction
4. “Domino Theory”
5. CIA & covert operations
6. Eisenhower Doctrine
7. “Open Skies” Spirit p. 440
1. Mutual security agreements.
2. Massive retaliation.
3. M. A. D. Mutual Assured Destruction
4. “Domino Theory”
5. CIA & covert operations
6. Eisenhower Doctrine
7. “Open Skies” Spirit p. 440
“Containment”[George Kennan]
“Brinksmanship”[John Foster
Dulles]
Foreign Policy “Hot Spots”
Foreign Policy “Hot Spots”
1. 1955 Warsaw Pact created. p. 898
2. 1956 Hungarian Revolution. p. 898
3. 1958 Berlin Crisis.
4. 1959 Nixon-Khrushchev “Kitchen Debate.”
5. 1960 U-2 Spy Incident p. 902
1. 1955 Warsaw Pact created. p. 898
2. 1956 Hungarian Revolution. p. 898
3. 1958 Berlin Crisis.
4. 1959 Nixon-Khrushchev “Kitchen Debate.”
5. 1960 U-2 Spy Incident p. 902
EUROPE:
Nikita Khrushchev takes control of the U.S.S.R in 1953
1959 1959 Nixon-Khrushchev Nixon-Khrushchev
“Kitchen Debate”“Kitchen Debate”
Cold War Cold War ----->-----> TensionsTensions
<----- Technology <----- Technology
& Affluence & Affluence
Warsaw PactWarsaw Pact• Formed by the Soviet Union and their E. Formed by the Soviet Union and their E.
European satellites when W. Germany European satellites when W. Germany rearms and joins NATO. rearms and joins NATO.
• Warsaw Pact is an alliance just like NATOWarsaw Pact is an alliance just like NATO
The U-2 Incident• After rejection of After rejection of
open skies, the CIA open skies, the CIA begins to make begins to make secret high altitude secret high altitude flights over U.S.S.R. flights over U.S.S.R. to spot ICBMto spot ICBM
• Soviets shoot down Soviets shoot down planeplane
• U.S. denies U.S. denies involvement, later involvement, later admits truthadmits truth
Foreign Policy “Hot Spots”
Foreign Policy “Hot Spots”
1. 1953 CIA sponsored coup in Iran p. 898
P. M. Mohammed Mossadegh nationalization of the Anglo-Iranian Oil Co...
Goal: keep the P.M. from getting help($) from Soviets. CIA installs the Shah as new leader of Iran.
2. 1956 Suez Crisis. P. 899
3. 1958 Civil War in Lebanon
4. 1960 OPEC formed
1. 1953 CIA sponsored coup in Iran p. 898
P. M. Mohammed Mossadegh nationalization of the Anglo-Iranian Oil Co...
Goal: keep the P.M. from getting help($) from Soviets. CIA installs the Shah as new leader of Iran.
2. 1956 Suez Crisis. P. 899
3. 1958 Civil War in Lebanon
4. 1960 OPEC formed
Middle East:
Eisenhower DoctrineEisenhower Doctrine• What event leads to the Eisenhower Doctrine?What event leads to the Eisenhower Doctrine?
Soviet support of Egypt during the Suez CrisisSoviet support of Egypt during the Suez Crisis• To balance out rising Soviet influence the U.S. To balance out rising Soviet influence the U.S.
issues the Eisenhower Doctrine in 1957.issues the Eisenhower Doctrine in 1957.• Eisenhower DoctrineEisenhower Doctrine: :
The U.S. will defend the Middle East from The U.S. will defend the Middle East from attack by any Communist country. attack by any Communist country.
• President has the authority to use armed President has the authority to use armed forces at his discretion to combat communist forces at his discretion to combat communist aggression. aggression.
Foreign Policy “Hot Spots”
Foreign Policy “Hot Spots”
1. 1948 O. A. S. [Organization of American States] was created during Truman’s administration.
2. 1954 CIA covert ops. in Guatemala.
3. 1950s Puerto Rican independence movement.
4. 1959 Castro’s Communist Revolution in Cuba.
1. 1948 O. A. S. [Organization of American States] was created during Truman’s administration.
2. 1954 CIA covert ops. in Guatemala.
3. 1950s Puerto Rican independence movement.
4. 1959 Castro’s Communist Revolution in Cuba.
Latin America:
CIA appoints new dictator sympathetic to the U.S.
Foreign Policy “Hot Spots”
Foreign Policy “Hot Spots”
1. 1953 end of the Korean War.
2. 1954 French depart Indo-China. Geneva Accords
3. 1964 China explodes its first atomic bomb [during LBJ’s administration].
1. 1953 end of the Korean War.
2. 1954 French depart Indo-China. Geneva Accords
3. 1964 China explodes its first atomic bomb [during LBJ’s administration].
Far East:
Election of 1960Election of 1960Republicans?
• Richard Nixon Richard Nixon
Democrats?• John F. KennedyJohn F. Kennedy Main differences Main differences
between JFK & Nixon?between JFK & Nixon?
Significance of Significance of television on the campaign?television on the campaign?
Election of 1960
The closest presidential election until? 2000