The Politics of e-access and e-funding in the Library environment
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Transcript of The Politics of e-access and e-funding in the Library environment
The Politics of e-access and The Politics of e-access and e-funding in the Library e-funding in the Library
environmentenvironment
Jill Taylor-Roe, Newcastle University Library Jill Taylor-Roe, Newcastle University Library [email protected]@ncl.ac.uk
UKSG Managing E-Resources Seminar 27 Oct 2005UKSG Managing E-Resources Seminar 27 Oct 2005
Topics to be coveredTopics to be covered
Funding of Library ResourcesFunding of Library Resources Stock SelectionStock Selection Management and ExploitationManagement and Exploitation Staffing Staffing Future TrendsFuture Trends Summary Summary
In the beginning…In the beginning…
Budgets for print based resources: Budgets for print based resources: Journals = recurrent = may be reviewed Journals = recurrent = may be reviewed
on an annual basison an annual basis Monographs = non-recurrent = more Monographs = non-recurrent = more
flexibleflexible Miscellaneous = e.g. AV, CD-ROM, MapsMiscellaneous = e.g. AV, CD-ROM, Maps Balance varied according to type of library.Balance varied according to type of library.
How is funding managed?How is funding managed?
By FormatBy Format By Administrative Unit or Cost CentreBy Administrative Unit or Cost Centre By BudgetholderBy Budgetholder CentrallyCentrally DevolvedDevolved Mixed Economy!Mixed Economy!
Characteristics of Funding in the Characteristics of Funding in the print environmentprint environment
Usually item level attributionUsually item level attribution Costs may be shared across cost centres/ Costs may be shared across cost centres/
admin units/budget codesadmin units/budget codes Generally easy to assign items by format if Generally easy to assign items by format if
desireddesired Mixture of recurrent and one-off Mixture of recurrent and one-off
expenditure expenditure Minimal VATable expenditureMinimal VATable expenditure
Let there be E…Let there be E…
E-journals, E-docsE-journals, E-docs E-Databases – cd-rom, then webE-Databases – cd-rom, then web E-Books – Encyclopedias, Reference E-Books – Encyclopedias, Reference
Books, TextbooksBooks, Textbooks E-Datasets – Human Genome Project, E-Datasets – Human Genome Project,
Research Databases, Experimental DataResearch Databases, Experimental Data
New Ways of Packaging InformationNew Ways of Packaging Information
Big Deals – by publisher Big Deals – by publisher Subject ClustersSubject Clusters Book Collections – e.g. ORO, XreferBook Collections – e.g. ORO, Xrefer Multi year dealsMulti year deals Huge growth in recurrent vs one-off Huge growth in recurrent vs one-off
expenditureexpenditure Significant Increase in VATable Significant Increase in VATable
expenditureexpenditure
Funding Solutions?Funding Solutions?
Re-allocate resources from traditional fundsRe-allocate resources from traditional funds Create new funding structuresCreate new funding structures Bid for new money – one off or recurrentBid for new money – one off or recurrent Use contingency to fund experimentsUse contingency to fund experiments Stick with what you know and hope the problemStick with what you know and hope the problem goes away?!goes away?!
What we did at NewcastleWhat we did at Newcastle
Bid for project funds - £100K pa for Bid for project funds - £100K pa for ejournals, £25K pa for e-booksejournals, £25K pa for e-books
Created new general funds – e.g. Created new general funds – e.g. ejourmaingref for “big deals”ejourmaingref for “big deals”
Created new e-cost centres to match to Created new e-cost centres to match to print codes and moved some funding print codes and moved some funding acrossacross
Negotiated with Academic Schools for Negotiated with Academic Schools for additional fundsadditional funds
ChallengesChallenges
Takes time to make cases for extra moneyTakes time to make cases for extra money Much harder to cost library provision at Much harder to cost library provision at
cost centre level esp for journals in Big cost centre level esp for journals in Big DealsDeals
Takes time to edit old budget codes to Takes time to edit old budget codes to reflect new purchasing modelsreflect new purchasing models
Much harder to effect change at micro Much harder to effect change at micro level when tied in to packages and multi yr level when tied in to packages and multi yr dealsdeals
BenefitsBenefits
Project funding allows experiment without Project funding allows experiment without detriment to established expendituredetriment to established expenditure
Additional dialogue with schools has Additional dialogue with schools has increased their awareness of how info increased their awareness of how info resources are priced and packagedresources are priced and packaged
Package deals have effectively doubled Package deals have effectively doubled the size of our journal portfoliothe size of our journal portfolio
Who decides what to buy?Who decides what to buy?
Subject SpecialistSubject Specialist Subject CataloguerSubject Cataloguer Acquisitions LibrarianAcquisitions Librarian End users – Academics, Researchers, End users – Academics, Researchers,
Company staff, Members of the PublicCompany staff, Members of the Public Library CommitteeLibrary Committee
How is it bought?How is it bought?
Individual Library Deal Individual Library Deal Approval PlansApproval Plans Deal brokered via Company HQDeal brokered via Company HQ Regional Purchasing ConsortiumRegional Purchasing Consortium National DealNational Deal International DealInternational Deal
How has purchasing practice changed in the e-How has purchasing practice changed in the e-environment?environment?
(1)(1) More people involved in the purchasing More people involved in the purchasing
decisiondecision Possible loss of local controlPossible loss of local control Takes longer to make purchasing Takes longer to make purchasing
decisions?decisions? Harder to fine tune collection management Harder to fine tune collection management
at micro levelat micro level You may need to factor in software and You may need to factor in software and
equipment costs!!equipment costs!!
How has purchasing practice changed in the e-How has purchasing practice changed in the e-environment?environment?
(2)(2)
User demand often still focussed at micro User demand often still focussed at micro levellevel
Harder to “match” this against prevailing Harder to “match” this against prevailing purchasing modelspurchasing models
New models still emerging – open access- New models still emerging – open access- pay to publishpay to publish
Management of Library Resources: Management of Library Resources: who’s involved?who’s involved?
In traditional print environment: In traditional print environment: LibrarianLibrarian Subject Specialists/Information StaffSubject Specialists/Information Staff Acquisitions StaffAcquisitions Staff Technical Services StaffTechnical Services Staff Reader Services StaffReader Services Staff Bindery Staff? Bindery Staff? Any one else??Any one else??
And where e-resources are And where e-resources are involved?involved?
New Players:New Players: Information Systems Staff Information Systems Staff Legal Eagles – checking and approving licencesLegal Eagles – checking and approving licences Library Managers – dealing with access issuesLibrary Managers – dealing with access issues IT Help desk staff – “I can’t get this journal to IT Help desk staff – “I can’t get this journal to
work on my PC…”work on my PC…” IT staff employed by publisher or vendorIT staff employed by publisher or vendor
And who loses out?And who loses out?
Acquisitions staff – fewer print items to processAcquisitions staff – fewer print items to process Shelvers – fewer print items/vols to shelve and Shelvers – fewer print items/vols to shelve and
tidytidy Issue desk staff – fewer items/vols going out on Issue desk staff – fewer items/vols going out on
loanloan Bindery StaffBindery Staff
NB Changes have hit journals hardest – books NB Changes have hit journals hardest – books still predominantly print, but this will change too.still predominantly print, but this will change too.
Collection ManagementCollection Management
SelectionSelection RelegationRelegation DisposalDisposal Fitness for purpose – meets needs of core Fitness for purpose – meets needs of core
users – e.g. University Staff and Students, users – e.g. University Staff and Students, Company Employees, General PublicCompany Employees, General Public
Key Aspects of Collection Key Aspects of Collection Management in Print EnvironmentManagement in Print Environment
Material tends to be bought outrightMaterial tends to be bought outright Physical items reside in Library – or are Physical items reside in Library – or are
relegated to local or remote Storesrelegated to local or remote Stores Relatively easy to apply specific or general Relatively easy to apply specific or general
focus – e.g. to expand or contract a focus – e.g. to expand or contract a particular subject area or resource formatparticular subject area or resource format
Space (or lack of it) can be a key driverSpace (or lack of it) can be a key driver
Collection Management of E-Collection Management of E-Resources (1)Resources (1)
Tend to be annual lease rather than outright Tend to be annual lease rather than outright purchasepurchase
Resources reside on publishers/aggregators Resources reside on publishers/aggregators servers or in repositoriesservers or in repositories
What happens to previously subscribed content What happens to previously subscribed content if you cancel?if you cancel?
What happens when publisher sells e-content What happens when publisher sells e-content and it leaves the package you were subscribing and it leaves the package you were subscribing to?to?
Collection Management of E-Collection Management of E-Resources (2)Resources (2)
Disposal of print back runs may require Disposal of print back runs may require additional investment in e-versionsadditional investment in e-versions
Should we/Can we afford to retain print Should we/Can we afford to retain print back runs “just in case”?back runs “just in case”?
Space (or lack of it) can also be a key Space (or lack of it) can also be a key driverdriver
Customer pressure may lead to demand Customer pressure may lead to demand for more extensive backrunsfor more extensive backruns
PromotionPromotion
Print – catalogues, user guides, web Print – catalogues, user guides, web pages?pages?
E-Resources – all of the above – plus…E-Resources – all of the above – plus… Tutorials, (online and face to face)Tutorials, (online and face to face) FAQs, HelpsheetsFAQs, Helpsheets DemosDemos
Staffing: managerial aspectsStaffing: managerial aspects
Existing staff need new skills, esp IT skillsExisting staff need new skills, esp IT skills Regular training/updates are neededRegular training/updates are needed More library staff are involved – good More library staff are involved – good
communication neededcommunication needed More support/services needed from More support/services needed from
agents and other vendorsagents and other vendors Staff profile is changing – implications for Staff profile is changing – implications for
recruitment, budgeting and deployment of recruitment, budgeting and deployment of existing staffexisting staff
Staffing: impact on people (1)Staffing: impact on people (1)
Traditional, familiar tasks may reduce or Traditional, familiar tasks may reduce or disappeardisappear
Jobs may be lostJobs may be lost Staff may feel threatened, undervalued, Staff may feel threatened, undervalued,
lack confidence about the future – lack confidence about the future – supportive management needed!supportive management needed!
Workloads may increase and become Workloads may increase and become more complexmore complex
Staffing: impact on people (2) Staffing: impact on people (2)
Staff can and will become enthusiastic Staff can and will become enthusiastic supporters, promoters and managers of e-supporters, promoters and managers of e-resources…resources…
But it requires considerable investment of But it requires considerable investment of time and resources to achieve this!!time and resources to achieve this!!
May take time before your staffing profile May take time before your staffing profile matches the needs of the e-librarymatches the needs of the e-library
Future TrendsFuture Trends
More e-resources – less printMore e-resources – less print Revised funding models to take account of new Revised funding models to take account of new
publishing models - e.g. OApublishing models - e.g. OA Radical revision of traditional library “footprint” – Radical revision of traditional library “footprint” –
learning café, social learning space etc learning café, social learning space etc Staffing profile reflects growth in resources Staffing profile reflects growth in resources Regional or National Solutions to print legacy Regional or National Solutions to print legacy
question?question? More cross-sectoral activity?More cross-sectoral activity?
SummarySummary
E-resources have radically changed the ways in which E-resources have radically changed the ways in which we acquire, manage and promote library resourceswe acquire, manage and promote library resources
We have had to acquire new skills, new staff ( if we can!) We have had to acquire new skills, new staff ( if we can!) and new strategies to copeand new strategies to cope
Staff workloads have increasedStaff workloads have increased The growth in e-resources has generally been viewed The growth in e-resources has generally been viewed
positively by librarians, but has also been seen as a positively by librarians, but has also been seen as a threat by some staffthreat by some staff
We are still learning how best to manage e-resourcesWe are still learning how best to manage e-resources Emerging technology will undoubtedly require new skillsEmerging technology will undoubtedly require new skills
And finally…remember that:And finally…remember that:
““Change is Constant” (Benjamin Disraeli)Change is Constant” (Benjamin Disraeli) “ ““ “S/He who hesitates is lost “ (Proverbs)S/He who hesitates is lost “ (Proverbs)