The Planting of English America

CHAPTER 2 NOTESMrs. MarshallAP US History

Sir Walter Raleigh

•1585-North Carolina’s Roanoke Island-“Lost Colony”

Spanish Armada

•1588-England defeated Spain

Protestant Reformation

•Catholicism vs. Protestantism

Joint Stock Companies

•Joint Stock Companies

Jamestown

•Virginia Company of London•Chesapeake Bay-May 1607•1st permanent English settlement in

North America.•Captain John Smith•Pocahontas•John Rolfe•Tobacco

Virginia Company/London Company 1619•Authorized settlers to summon an

assembly (elected legislature) known as the House of Burgesses.

•All decisions of the House of Burgesses required approval of Virginia Company

Impact of Religion on English Colonies

•Little religious tolerance in New England colonies

•Puritans were trying to create “a city on the hill”-did not want their community defiled by other beliefs

•More religious diversity/tolerance in the Mid-Atlantic colonies, but it was also limited

•Southern colonies were founded for economic reason. Religion played a small role in their cultural development until the Great Awakening

•Church of England was the established church in the South

•Spanish settlers developed a dependence on slave labor.

•French settlers were not dependant on slave labor due to geography of their territories

•English settlers developed a egalitarian society in New England and the Middle colonies based on religious equality. Economic prosperity and immigration led to class distinctions.

•The South developed a hierarchical social structure due to the plantation system.

Political Development in Colonies•Impacted by political traditions of the

mother country•Spain and France transferred their

authoritarian control to their colonies. •British brought their experience with

the Magna Carta and Parliament to the colonies. They developed institutions starting with the House of Burgesses and New England town meetings.

Types of Colonies

•Charter- a colony chartered to an individual or group by the British Crown

•Royal- a colony governed directly by the king/queen

•Proprietary- a colony in which one or more private land owners retain rights that are normally privilege of the state

Magna Carta

•A document guaranteeing basic political rights in England, drawn up by nobles and approved by King John in AD 1215

Maryland

•1634- Lord Baltimore•For financial profit and a haven for

Catholics•Act of Toleration- 1649-local

representative body granted religious toleration to all Christians

Death of King James I

•Upon death of King James I his son, Charles I took the throne

James I

English Civil War (1642-1649) •Fought by supporters and opponents

of King Charles I.•Royalists-those loyal to Charles I•Puritans- supporters of Parliament

Oliver Cromwell

•Puritan general who replaced Charles I

Restoration

•When colonization/empire building resumes in England

Charles II

•Charles II replaced Cromwell in 1659

8 Lord Proprietors

•Charles II gave them land south of Virginia. Carolina prospered by developing close economic ties with the sugar islands of the English West Indies.

•Many settlers came from Barbados.•Rice was principal export crop.•Charles Town-busy seaport, diverse

population, aristocratic population.•Carolina split in 1712.

Georgia

•James Oglethorpe-1733•Founded as a home for debtors and

prisoners from England.•Also founded as a buffer state

between Spanish Florida and the Carolinas.

Characteristics of Southern Colonies• Exported commercial agricultural

products-tobacco, rice• Slavery• A strong aristocratic atmosphere• All permitted some religious toleration • Tax supported Church of England became

the dominant faith• Growth of cities were slow due to

plantations and farms • Farms and plantations made

establishment of schools and churches difficulty and costly

Economic Development

•Spanish crown funded expeditions•English expeditions and settlements

were funded by joint stock companies and proprietors

•French developed an economy based on fur trapping and exports that influenced their mutual dependence on native tribes

•England, Spain and France all followed mercantilists policies

English colonies

•New England-geographic conditions allowed for only subsistence farming. They turned to shipbuilding and to the sea as merchants and fisherman. Not dependant on slaves

•Mid-Atlantic colonies- developed an export trade in food stuffs as a result of geographic resources and large families

•Southern colonies- grew cash crops such as tobacco, rice and indigo. Used slave labor and exported crops on the ships from New England

•3 regions developed an interdependent network of coastal trade and trade with the British Caribbean as well as trade across the Atlantic with Africa and Europe