The Plant Kingdom
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Transcript of The Plant Kingdom
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The Plant Kingdom
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What makes a plant a plant?
All Plants:• Are Eukaryotic (have a nucleus)• Have cell walls made of cellulose• Are Autotrophs – photosynthetic• Are Non-motile (cannot move)
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What do plants need to survive?
Plants need:• Sunlight• H2O & CO2
• Nutrients • Water movement
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EVOLUTION & BASIC ADAPTATIONS OF PLANTS
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The first plants were all NONVASCULAR
They have the following properties:1. No vascular tissue
Can only move water from cell to cell by way of osmosis
2. Lack true roots, stems and leaves3. Can not grow upward4. Live in moist environments – these
plants are highly dependent on water
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Examples of nonvascular plants
Mosses Liverworts
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What came next in plant evolution?
In the evolution of plants, plants went from living exclusively in water
to living on land.
These plants are called VASCULAR PLANTS
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Example of a vascular plant
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Vascular Plant PropertiesIn order to survive in a new terrestrial
environment, plants had to be able to do 3 things:
1. Absorb Nutrients2. Prevent Water loss3. Reproduce on land
How did they accomplish this?
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Absorbing NutrientsRoot systems and vascular tissue that
allow movement of water and nutrients through the plant body.
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Preventing Water Loss1. Cuticle
Waxy covering of the plant2. Stomata
Opening that allows plants to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide
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Reproducing On LandSeeds
Contain the embryo of the plant
FlowersA reproductive structure that
produces pollen (sperm) and seeds
(eggs)
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All Vascular Plant Have:Vascular tissue:
Special tissues that can move water, nutrients and dissolved minerals through the plant body, even against the force of
gravity.
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All Vascular Plant Have:True roots, stems and leaves
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All Vascular Plant Have:The ability to grow upward
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Plant Taxonomy
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Plant ClassificationHistorically botanists used the term
division while zoologist used the term phylum, but they are the same.
Phylum = division
Today these terms are interchangeable
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Plant Classification
All plants are classified into one of the following 10
divisions or phyla:
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Bryophyta•Mosses • Liverworts
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Psilophyta
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Club Mosses
Lycophyta
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SphenophytaHorsetails
Equisetum
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PterophytaFerns
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Cycadophyta
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Ginkgophyta
Ginkgo biloba
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Gnetophyta
Gnetum
Welwitschia
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Coniferophyta
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Anthophyta