The Pioneers Come to The Pioneers Come to Utah A Homeless People Go West to Find A Home.

The Pioneers Come toThe Pioneers Come to

The PioneersCome to Utah

A Homeless People Go West

to Find A Home

Objective

Today I hope you learn many things, BUT I hope you at least learn 1 thing:

Other people in the PAST . . .PAST . . . Did things to help you Now!Now!

Thank them by learning what they did!

Here’s what you need to do!

1. Fill out the heading on your assignment paper.

2. Read each question on the paper before beginning.

Then as you watch each of the slides, all you have to do is:

1. Look for a number on each slide (from 1 – 30).

2. On your note sheet, write the underlined words that follow each number on the screen.

3. Study your sheet for the quiz that

will be given the day after these

notes and stories end.

Good Luck!

What Do All These People Have in Common?What Do All These People Have in Common?

What kind of Pioneer would you have been?

What kind of Pioneer are you NOW?

Salt Lake City, Utah ~ 1897

Just a Review…

• The people who followed Joseph Smith and the

Mormons were forced to move from:

• New York to Ohio

• Ohio to Missouri

• Missouri to Illinois

• And in Illinois, in 1844, Joseph Smith was killed.

– There was no immediate leader to take over.

– The Mormons were told by mobs and the governor of

Illinois that they had to move again.

Persecution in Illinois Led to the Death of Joseph Smith

Reasons for the persecution ~ reviewed• Religious Beliefs – Joseph Smith’s prophet claims • The Nauvoo Charter – gave Mormons too much power• The Nauvoo Legion – seen as a threat by non-Mormons• Economic Rivalry – Mormon towns too powerful• Jealousy – Mormon towns too successful• Politics – Joseph Smith ran for U.S. President• Polygamy – The idea of having more than one wife at the same time• Nauvoo Expositor – newspaper was destroyed

Pioneer Photo of Nauvoo Temple

Joseph Smith Killed by a Mob

June 27, 1844• Joseph, his brother Hyrum and others

were taken from Nauvoo to the near-by

town of Carthage, Illinois under promised

protection of the governor.

• The governor allowed a mob to attack the

jail, climb the stairs and kill

Joseph & his brother, Hyrum.

a.a. Sidney RigdonSidney Rigdon1.1. a former counselor to Joseph Smitha former counselor to Joseph Smith

b.b. Joseph Smith IIIJoseph Smith III1.1. 11-year old son of Joseph Smith11-year old son of Joseph Smith

c.c. Brigham YoungBrigham Young1.1. President of the 12 ApostlesPresident of the 12 Apostles

1 ~1 ~ Who would take charge after Who would take charge after the death of Joseph Smith?the death of Joseph Smith?

An argument developed between An argument developed between three main groups over who should three main groups over who should lead the LDS Church:lead the LDS Church:

2 ~ 2 ~ Brigham YoungBrigham Young was was Chosen by Most of the PeopleChosen by Most of the People

Reasons why most people supported Reasons why most people supported him:him:

He had been He had been faithfulfaithful to Joseph Smith to Joseph Smith He was He was presidentpresident of the of the 12 Apostles12 Apostles He was an He was an experienced leaderexperienced leader

He He led the Mormonsled the Mormons to Nauvoo to Nauvoo He He knew how to build citiesknew how to build cities

including Nauvooincluding Nauvoo

The Mormons are Forced to Leave NauvooThe Mormons are Forced to Leave NauvooThe Mormons are Forced to Leave NauvooThe Mormons are Forced to Leave NauvooThe The state militiastate militia was sent by Gov. was sent by Gov.

Ford to tell the Mormons they had to Ford to tell the Mormons they had to

leave the state of Illinois.leave the state of Illinois.

The Mormons promised to The Mormons promised to leave by leave by

the next springthe next spring when the when the snow snow

meltedmelted & & grass was growinggrass was growing..

During the fall/winter of 1845-46, During the fall/winter of 1845-46,

they prepared to leavethey prepared to leave by trying by trying

to sell their houses and property and to sell their houses and property and

trying to decide where to go.trying to decide where to go.

Most were Most were unable to sell for much unable to sell for much

moneymoney because other people knew because other people knew

they were going to leave anyway.they were going to leave anyway.

3 ~ Where to Go?3 ~ Where to Go?

Mexico

a.

b.

c.

d.

e.

All these areas were All these areas were outside the U.S.outside the U.S. But But allall these areas were these areas were too populatedtoo populated The The majority would tell them what to domajority would tell them what to do

• Again!Again! This would just lead to This would just lead to more persecutionmore persecution

• Again!Again! They would be They would be kicked out of their homeskicked out of their homes..

• Again!Again!

4 ~ The Mormons Knew About the West4 ~ The Mormons Knew About the West4 ~ The Mormons Knew About the West4 ~ The Mormons Knew About the West

a.a. They had They had lived in Independence, Missourilived in Independence, Missouri

– The beginning and end of the The beginning and end of the Oregon TrailOregon Trail

– People coming back from the West told them about it!People coming back from the West told them about it!

b.b. Church newspaperChurch newspapers carried s carried reports of the Westreports of the West written written

by mountain men and explorersby mountain men and explorers

– Fremont’s Fremont’s ReportReport

– Hasting’s Hasting’s Emigrant GuideEmigrant Guide

c.c. They studied and wroteThey studied and wrote

about about irrigation methodsirrigation methods

d.d. In 1842, In 1842, Joseph SmithJoseph Smith

saidsaid that the Mormons that the Mormons

would go to live in the would go to live in the

Rocky MountainsRocky Mountains..

John C. Fremont

Lansford W. Hastings

They studied They studied ALLALL the possibilities the possibilities before making a final decisionbefore making a final decision

They studied They studied ALLALL the possibilities the possibilities before making a final decisionbefore making a final decision

5 ~5 ~ They finally decided to settle in theThey finally decided to settle in theGreat Salt Lake ValleyGreat Salt Lake Valley..

6 ~6 ~ Why choose the Salt Lake Valley?Why choose the Salt Lake Valley?a.a. It was It was outside the United Statesoutside the United States

b.b. It was still It was still owned by Mexicoowned by Mexico

c.c. The U.S. The U.S. government couldn’t hurt themgovernment couldn’t hurt them again. again.

d.d. It was practically It was practically privateprivate (1,300 miles from Nauvoo)! (1,300 miles from Nauvoo)!

e.e. No one wanted UtahNo one wanted Utah (Indians didn’t count then!)(Indians didn’t count then!)

f.f. It was It was relatively easy to get torelatively easy to get to

~ thanks to ~ thanks to South PassSouth Pass and the canyon trails. and the canyon trails.

• Most (90%) went across the Mississippi Most (90%) went across the Mississippi River into the new state of River into the new state of (a)(a) IowaIowa..

• Some went south to Some went south to (b)(b) St. LouisSt. Louis

– Even though it was in Even though it was in MissouriMissouri, ,

– it was a big enough city to not be noticed.it was a big enough city to not be noticed.

• Some went to Some went to (c)(c) CanadaCanada & & (d)(d) MexicoMexico

• Those people who were still east of NauvooThose people who were still east of Nauvoo

were told to were told to staystay where they were where they were inin (e) (e) New York New York andand (f) (f) EuropeEurope until a final until a final settlement could be made.settlement could be made.

77 ~ Many Groups left ~ Many Groups left Nauvoo and Scattered to Nauvoo and Scattered to

Many PlacesMany Places

Extermination Order!

Some of the New York Mormons Some of the New York Mormons

wanted to leave for the West at once.wanted to leave for the West at once.

Sam BrannanSam Brannan was put in charge of was put in charge of

getting a ship.getting a ship.

8 ~8 ~ They left They left New YorkNew York on Feb. 4, 1846, on Feb. 4, 1846,

and sailed and sailed around South Americaaround South America past past

HawaiiHawaii to to San FranciscoSan Francisco (then called (then called

Yerba Buena).Yerba Buena).

They arrived on July 31, 1846, and They arrived on July 31, 1846, and San San

FranciscoFrancisco soon became a mostly soon became a mostly

Mormon town.Mormon town.

Some of the New York Mormons Some of the New York Mormons

wanted to leave for the West at once.wanted to leave for the West at once.

Sam BrannanSam Brannan was put in charge of was put in charge of

getting a ship.getting a ship.

8 ~8 ~ They left They left New YorkNew York on Feb. 4, 1846, on Feb. 4, 1846,

and sailed and sailed around South Americaaround South America past past

HawaiiHawaii to to San FranciscoSan Francisco (then called (then called

Yerba Buena).Yerba Buena).

They arrived on July 31, 1846, and They arrived on July 31, 1846, and San San

FranciscoFrancisco soon became a mostly soon became a mostly

Mormon town.Mormon town.

Panama

Canal

Panama

Canal

New YorkNew York

San Francisc

o

San Francisc

o

Straits of MagellanStraits of Magellan

The The Longest JourneyLongest Journey to Utah to Utah

Today 1800’s

The BrooklynThe Brooklyn

Brannan headed east to catch Brigham Young before he Brannan headed east to catch Brigham Young before he got to Utah.got to Utah.

9 ~9 ~ Brannon tried to convince Brigham to Brannon tried to convince Brigham to move move everyone to Californiaeveryone to California..

Young told Brannan to bring everyone to Young told Brannan to bring everyone to UtahUtah.. Brannon went back to California; others went to Utah.Brannon went back to California; others went to Utah. He assisted in the discovery of in California in He assisted in the discovery of in California in

1849.1849. He became a millionaire overnight, but died totally broke.He became a millionaire overnight, but died totally broke.

Sam Brannan

Sam Brannan

Brigham Young

The Mormons Leave The Mormons Leave NauvooNauvoo

The Mormons Leave The Mormons Leave NauvooNauvoo

The Mormons left Nauvoo in The Mormons left Nauvoo in February, 1846February, 1846

The mobs in Illinois became impatient and The mobs in Illinois became impatient and

demanded the Mormons leave demanded the Mormons leave beforebefore spring. spring.

The first wagons:The first wagons:

left on boats, left on boats,

later on ice, later on ice,

and then back to boats.and then back to boats.

Painting by Pioneer C.C.A. ChristensenPainting by Pioneer C.C.A. ChristensenPainting by Pioneer C.C.A. ChristensenPainting by Pioneer C.C.A. Christensen

The Battle of NauvooThe Battle of Nauvoo

10 10 ~ It took until ~ It took until September, 1846, September, 1846, for everyone to for everyone to leave (leave (almost 7 almost 7 monthsmonths).).

The last to leave The last to leave were the were the oldold, , sicksick, and , and poorpoor, , who had to hold who had to hold back the mobs in back the mobs in a battle until a battle until everyone could everyone could leave.leave.


What Happened to Nauvoo?

November, 19, 1848

The temple was eventually destroyed by a tornado and the stones were scattered and buried.

11 ~ Other people took over the Mormon’s homes, land and property in Nauvoo and the surrounding area.

Mobs used the temple for a barn before someone set it on fire.

Nauvoo Today• Today, Nauvoo is a town of about 1,200+ people

living in modern homes and buildings far beyond the

original boundaries of the city build by Smith.

• The original parts of town are

now being restored and turned

into a living museum park.

• The Nauvoo Temple was

recently rebuilt in 2002.

12 ~12 ~ Travel Across Iowa was Very Travel Across Iowa was Very

DifficultDifficulta.a. Iowa was a brand new Iowa was a brand new

state with only a state with only a few few scattered townsscattered towns across the whole area.across the whole area.

b.b. There were There were only a only a few roadsfew roads and and trailstrails across the state.across the state.

c.c. MudMud and and snowsnow caused delays.caused delays.

d.d. TreesTrees had to be had to be cut cut down to make down to make bridgesbridges and and boatsboats for wagons to cross.for wagons to cross.

e.e. Many had to Many had to stopstop along the way for along the way for several months several months to to get jobsget jobs to buy badly to buy badly needed supplies.needed supplies.

12 ~12 ~ Travel Across Iowa was Very DifficultTravel Across Iowa was Very Difficult

Travel Across Iowa was Very Travel Across Iowa was Very DifficultDifficult

• By the time the Mormons reached the By the time the Mormons reached the

Missouri River on the west side of Missouri River on the west side of

Iowa, it was too late to travel the rest Iowa, it was too late to travel the rest

of the way to the Salt Lake Valley.of the way to the Salt Lake Valley.

• They only traveled They only traveled 300 miles in a 300 miles in a

yearyear

• They They still had over 1,000 miles to gostill had over 1,000 miles to go..

• They still had the worst of the journey They still had the worst of the journey to make ~ the Rocky Mountains!to make ~ the Rocky Mountains!

• By the time the Mormons reached the By the time the Mormons reached the

Missouri River on the west side of Missouri River on the west side of

Iowa, it was too late to travel the rest Iowa, it was too late to travel the rest

of the way to the Salt Lake Valley.of the way to the Salt Lake Valley.

• They only traveled They only traveled 300 miles in a 300 miles in a

yearyear

• They They still had over 1,000 miles to gostill had over 1,000 miles to go..

• They still had the worst of the journey They still had the worst of the journey to make ~ the Rocky Mountains!to make ~ the Rocky Mountains!

NauvooWinter

Quarters

Feb-May

June-Aug

Sep-Nov

Winter QuartersWinter Quarters► The Mormons established several cities along the banks of the Missouri River.The Mormons established several cities along the banks of the Missouri River.

► 1313 ~ ~ Winter QuartersWinter Quarters (Nebraska) & (Nebraska) & Council BluffsCouncil Bluffs (then Kanesville, Iowa). (then Kanesville, Iowa).

► The winter of 1846-1847 was bitter cold, and the people had The winter of 1846-1847 was bitter cold, and the people had

little shelter, wood for fires, or food.little shelter, wood for fires, or food.

► Many men had left to be aMany men had left to be a part of the part of the Mormon BattalionMormon Battalion (see next 6 slides).(see next 6 slides).

► Many died waiting for springMany died waiting for spring to come.to come.


Nebraska Iowa

The Mormon Battalion• 14 ~ While the Mormon travelers were

stretched across Iowa, Brigham Young sent

Jesse Little to Washington D.C. to try to get

money and help from the government for

the Mormon refugees.

• No one offered help except the U.S. Army.

• The United States had just declared war on Mexico.

• The U.S. wanted the rest of the land to

the Pacific Ocean to

fulfill our

• The government was in need of troops

to fight Mexico

• The Mormons were seen as potential

troops (they were close!)

• Despite some protests, Brigham Young

agreed that the Mormons would send

500 men (and additional support

people) to

fight the U. S. Army

The Mormon Battalion


a. It would show Mormon loyalty to the

United States

b. They were promised they could settle on Indian lands in Utah

c. Wages would be paid in advance to help families by very badly needed supplies

d. They could keep their guns and equipment after the war, which would be needed living in the West

e. The troops could help discover and map new lands for possible Mormon settlements.

15 ~ Why send the troops?

The Mormon BattalionThe Mormon Battalion

1616 ~ The Mormon Battalion marched under the command of ~ The Mormon Battalion marched under the command of

Phillip St. George CookePhillip St. George Cooke

– A non-Mormon captain who became a friendA non-Mormon captain who became a friend Capt. Daniel C. DavisCapt. Daniel C. Davis led under Cooke led under Cooke

– Davis CountyDavis County named after him named after him

The trip was uneventful – mostly walkingThe trip was uneventful – mostly walking

By the time the Battalion reached Mexico, the war was over,By the time the Battalion reached Mexico, the war was over,

– so they never had to fight.so they never had to fight.

17 ~17 ~ Today, their march of over Today, their march of over

1,500 miles still holds the1,500 miles still holds the

record for being the record for being the longest longest

march in U.S. military history!march in U.S. military history!

The March to Mexico and California


• 18 ~ Many others went to work at Fort Sutter at a lumber mill where was discovered in 1849.

Planning the Trip to the Salt Lake Planning the Trip to the Salt Lake ValleyValley

During the winter at Winter Quarters, During the winter at Winter Quarters, Brigham Young and the other leaders Brigham Young and the other leaders planned for the best way to get to Utah the planned for the best way to get to Utah the following spring.following spring.

It was decided that mostIt was decided that most of the group would stayof the group would stay in Winter Quartersin Winter Quarters for one more year whilefor one more year while a a small advance groupsmall advance group would go firstwould go first to prepare to prepare the way.the way.

The first group to leave was small and fast– 71 wagons, 1 boat, and a cannon

20 ~ The group left Winter Quarters in April, 1847

21 ~ Brigham Young was the leader

The group had 143 men (including 2 Black men), 3 women and 2 children

– 93 horses, 66 oxen , 52 mules, 19 cows, 17 dogs, and some chickens!

19 ~The Pioneer

Company

The advance party’s jobs would be to:

Make and mark the trail to the Salt Lake Valley for others to follow.

Set up rest stops along the way that was near water.

Explore the Salt Lake Valley to find the best place for the first settlement.

Plant fields and build irrigation ditches so there would be food for those who came the next year.

The Pioneer Company

Firsts for Firsts for UtahUtah

2222 ~ 1 ~ 1stst White Women White Women SettlersSettlers

Ellen Saunders KimballEllen Saunders Kimball Harriet Wheeler YoungHarriet Wheeler Young Clarissa Decker YoungClarissa Decker Young

2323 ~ 1 ~ 1stst Black Man Black Man SettlerSettler

Green FlakeGreen Flake

2424 ~ 1 ~ 1stst Black Woman Settler Black Woman Settler

Jane Manning JamesJane Manning James– (she came later in the (she came later in the

summer of 1847) summer of 1847)

The Westward TrekThe Westward Trek101 Days to “Zion”101 Days to “Zion”

25 ~25 ~ As the group traveled, they met missionaries from other churches, As the group traveled, they met missionaries from other churches, trappers, and others who were heading back East.trappers, and others who were heading back East.

a.a. Father Pierre-Jean De SmetFather Pierre-Jean De Smet, an Oregon Catholic missionary, an Oregon Catholic missionary

b.b. Moses (Black) HarrisMoses (Black) Harris, a Rocky Mt. Fur Company trapper, a Rocky Mt. Fur Company trapper

c.c. Miles GoodyearMiles Goodyear, who sold, who sold his fort to Brigham Younghis fort to Brigham Young

d.d. Jim BridgerJim Bridger (July 7, 1847), (July 7, 1847), who [according to legend]who [according to legend] bet them they couldn’tbet them they couldn’t grow a bushel of corn in thegrow a bushel of corn in the Salt Lake Valley ~ too dry!Salt Lake Valley ~ too dry!

The Westward TrekThe Westward Trek Once the Company got to the Platte Once the Company got to the Platte

River, they followed the same basic trail River, they followed the same basic trail as the Oregon Trail through South Pass to as the Oregon Trail through South Pass to Fort Bridger.Fort Bridger.

26 ~26 ~ The Company followed the The Company followed the north north sideside of the Platte River to Fort Laramie of the Platte River to Fort Laramie

It had It had more grassmore grass and and lessless traffictraffic than the than the south sidesouth side Oregon TrailOregon Trail

Platte River

Orson Pratt’s Advance GroupOrson Pratt’s Advance Group

As the Pioneer Company came near the Salt Lake Valley, Brigham Young sent a scouting party ahead to;

• Find the best route down Emigration Canyon.

• Clear more trees and rocks away from the trail

• Make irrigation ditches.

• Begin planting.

Finding a Home in the Salt Lake Finding a Home in the Salt Lake ValleyValley

• Orson Pratt’s team moved to the mouth of City Creek Canyon to plant the 1st crops.

• The rest of the Pioneer Company moved to today’s City Building to make the first camp.

•From Fort Bridger they followed the Hastings Cutoff route made by the Donner-Reed party the year before.

•They came down Emigration Canyon to the east side of the Salt Lake Valley (near today’s Hogle Zoo).

First Camp

First Crops City Creek Canyon

Parley’s Canyon

Syracuse Jr. High

(Hogle Zoo)

Ft. Bridger

First to See the First to See the Valley!Valley!

27 ~ Orson Pratt and Erastus Snow led the

scouting party and went ahead of them to

mark the trail.

They became the first Mormons to see the Salt Lake Valley, on July 21, 1847.

The rest of the scouts entered on July 22 and July 23 and started digging irrigation ditches from City Creek Canyon.

• 28 ~ The rest of the Pioneer Company (including Brigham

Young) entered the Salt Lake Valley on the 24th of July, 1847.

– (This is NOT Utah’s birthday as a state!)

29 ~29 ~ Upon first seeing the Salt Lake Valley, Upon first seeing the Salt Lake Valley, different people different people

had very different viewshad very different views about what they saw: about what they saw:

– Orson Pratt and Erastus Snow shouted,Orson Pratt and Erastus Snow shouted,

“ “Hosanna! Hosanna! Hosanna!” Hosanna! Hosanna! Hosanna!” [A shout of joy!][A shout of joy!]

– Harriet Young said, “I would rather go a thousand miles further Harriet Young said, “I would rather go a thousand miles further

than to remain in such a place as this. . . . My feelings were such than to remain in such a place as this. . . . My feelings were such

as I cannot describe . . . everything looked gloomy.”as I cannot describe . . . everything looked gloomy.”

– Wilford Woodruff wrote, “We saw a vast, rich fertile valley . . . Wilford Woodruff wrote, “We saw a vast, rich fertile valley . . .

Clothed with the heaviest garb of green vegetation . . . abounding Clothed with the heaviest garb of green vegetation . . . abounding

with the best fresh water springs, rivulets, creeks, brooks, with the best fresh water springs, rivulets, creeks, brooks,

and rivers of varied sizes.”and rivers of varied sizes.”

Seeing the World Seeing the World Through Different Through Different

“Lenses” “Lenses” [Perspectives][Perspectives]

Famous First WordsFamous First Words• Brigham Young had been ill for several days laying in the

back of Wilford Woodruff’s wagon.

• No one thought to write down what Brigham Young first

said when he saw the Salt Lake Valley for the 1st time.

• 30 ~ 40 years later Wilford Woodruff recalled

President Young as having said something like:

– “It is enough! This is the right place. Drive on!”

Remembering Their Remembering Their SacrificeSacrifice

Pioneers Enter The Salt Lake Valley ~ Utah State Capitol BuildingPioneers Enter The Salt Lake Valley ~ Utah State Capitol Building

The rest of the Pioneer Company rode down The rest of the Pioneer Company rode down Emigration CanyonEmigration Canyon into the Salt Lake Valley to into the Salt Lake Valley to settle and build new homes!settle and build new homes!

They settled on the land that is covered today by They settled on the land that is covered today by the the City BuildingCity Building (across from the Salt Lake Library).(across from the Salt Lake Library).

They later built a fort south and west of the first They later built a fort south and west of the first camp where today’s camp where today’s Pioneer ParkPioneer Park is located. is located.

The Mormons EnterThe Mormons Enterthe Salt Lake Valleythe Salt Lake ValleyThe Mormons EnterThe Mormons Enterthe Salt Lake Valleythe Salt Lake Valley

Quiz Tomorrow! Be ready to take the 10-question quiz at the

beginning of class tomorrow! You will not be able to use your question/note

sheet! Study it very well tonight! I know you will do very well!

The Pioneers Come to The Pioneers Come to Utah A Homeless People Go West to Find A Home.

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