The physical World Chapter 2. Continents are landmasses that protrude above the bodies of water on...
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Transcript of The physical World Chapter 2. Continents are landmasses that protrude above the bodies of water on...
![Page 1: The physical World Chapter 2. Continents are landmasses that protrude above the bodies of water on earth. AfricaAfrica AsiaAsia AntarcticaAntarctica AustraliaAustralia.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649c9b5503460f94959696/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The physical World
Chapter 2
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Continents are landmasses that protrude above the bodies of water
on earth.• Africa• Asia• Antarctica• Australia• Europe• North America• South America
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3 Basic parts of the earth’s interior
• Core: solid, metallic center
• Mantle: soft layer of molten rock
• Crust: thin layer of rock on the earth’s surface.
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4 Basic Spheres found on or above the earth
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Atmosphere• Contains the oxygen we breathe,
protects the earth from radiation, and provides the medium for weather and climate.
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Lithosphere• The solid rock portion of the
earth’s surface.
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Hydrosphere• Made up of the water elements of
the earth.• Ex: oceans, seas, rivers, lakes and
water in the atmosphere.
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Biosphere
•The part of the earth where plants and animals live.
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Continental Drift
• This theory maintains that the earth was one continent that broke apart into different plates upon which the separate continents rested. Note how the continents fit like puzzle pieces.
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Oceans
•Atlantic•Pacific• Indian•Arctic
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•The Water Cycle: The continuous circulation of water between the atmosphere, the oceans, and the earth.
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Landforms• Naturally formed features on
the surface of the earth.
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Continental Shelf• The earth’s surface from the
edge of a continent to the drop-off to the deep part of the ocean.
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Relief• The difference in elevation in
a landform from its lowest point to its highest point.
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Topography
•A combination of surface shape and the composition of landforms.
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Tectonic Plates
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What causes earthquakes?• Crust movement along the
plate boundary-radiated through fault lines.
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Where do most earthquakes occur?
•Along the Pacific Ring of Fire.
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What are some effects of earthquakes?
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Tsunami• Earthquakes can cause these
waves in the ocean that can become a towering wall of water as it approaches the coastline.
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Volcano• A giant fissure in the earth’s
crust where expanding gases and magma have built up and either exploded (cone) or flowed (shield)
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Lava• When magma reaches the
earth’s surface it is called lava.
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Weathering: Mechanical
•Processes that breaks rock into smaller pieces; freezing, plant roots, etc.
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Weathering: Chemical
• Rock changes as a result of interaction with elements in the air or water. For example: acid rain.
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Erosion: Water• The force of the flowing
water can carve out a new landform, as seen here.
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Erosion: Delta• The erosive power of a river can
wash sediment far down stream and deposit it at the mouth creating a fan-like buildup called a delta.
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Erosion: Wind• Powerful winds can strip the
topsoil off and carry it for miles.
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Erosion: Loess
• Wind-blown silt that accumulates and creates very fertile soil.
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Glacial Erosion
• Glaciers are massive-moving sheets of ice. They bulldoze as they advance and scrape out as they recede.
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Glacial Erosion
• Glaciation is the changing of the landscape through glacier movement.
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Glacial Erosion
•Moraine: rocks left behind by the glacier may form a ridge or a hill.
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Largest Continent?• What: Asia• Where: Eastern Hemisphere
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Smallest Continent?• What: Australia• Where: South Pacific
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Largest Ocean?
• What: Pacific
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Longest River?• What: Nile• Where: East Africa
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Largest Lake?• What: Caspian Sea• Where: Eurasia
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Deepest Lake?
• What: Baikal
• Where: Asia
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Highest Mountain?
• What: Mt. Everest• Where: Nepal-Tibet
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Highest Waterfall?
• What: Angel Falls• Where: Venezuela
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Largest Desert?
• What: Sahara• Where: Northern Africa
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Lowest Continental point?
• What: Shores of the Dead Sea
• Where: Israel-Jordan
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THE END