The Philosophy Book outline.doc

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AN WAS BORN FREE,ET EVERYWHEREE IS IN CHAINSHE UNIVERSEAS NOT ALWAYS

XISTEDE ONLY THINK WHENE ARE CONFRONTEDTH PROBLEMSCIETY ISDEED A

ONTRACTHE SOUL IS DISTINCT

OM THE BODYOUBT IS NOT AEASANT CONDITION,

UT CERTAINTYABSURDAN IS THEEASURE OFLL THINGSHINK

HEREFOREAMAN IS AACHINE

O BE IS TO BERCEIVEDAGINATION

ECIDESVERYTHING

NDAS NOENDER HOUGHT HASLWAYS WORKEDY OPPOSITIONAN IS SOMETHING

O BE SURPASSEDw did the universe begin? What is truth? How canlive good lives? Throughout history, humankindasked these and other big questions about the

ure of life and existenceand big thinkers haveered solutions that continue to shape our worlditten in p !in En" i#$, The !hilosophy "ook i# p!%&e' (it$)rt, pit$* e+p !n!ti)n# t$!t % t t$r) "$ t$e -!r")n, #tep./*.


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p 'i!"r!0# t$!t nt!n" e &n)tt* t$e)rie#, % !##i% 1 )te#t 0!&e p$i )#)p$* 0e0)r!/ e, !n' (itt* i #tr!ti)n# t$!t!* (it$ ) r i'e!# !/) t i'e!#2$et$er *) 3re ! %)0p ete /e"inner, !n !4i' #t 'ent, )r !n%$!ir e+pert, *) 3 5 n' p ent* )6 6))' 6)r t$) "$t in t$i# /))&2

HAT WHICH ISANNOT BE TRUEO MAN3S KNOWLEDGEERE CAN GO BEYONDS EXPERIENCEE ARE OURSELVES

HE ENTITIES TO ANALY7ED

RUTH RESIDES IN THEORLD AROUND US

ANGUAGE IS

SOCIAL ARTHE LIFE WHICH ISNEXAMINED IS NOTORTH LIVINGNOWLEDGEPOWER

ARTHLYNOWLEDGE ISUT SHADOWAN ISN ANIMALHAT MAKESARGAINS

ASON LIVESLANGUAGE2;; USA


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ODY AND MIND ,HE INDIVIDUAL

SOVEREIGNAN IS ANVENTION OF

CENT DATEHE END >USTIFIESHE MEANSAPPY IS HE WHOAS OVERCOMES

GOHE

ILOSOPHYOOK

HEOOK #%)4er 0)re !t2'&2%)0

$ #%&'( (#)!*+ & !*'#-&%nte' in Sin"!p)re


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OOK HE

ILOSOPHY


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LL BUCKINGHAMp$i )#)p$er, n)4e i#t, !n' e%t rer, Wi B %&in"$!0p!rti% !r * intere#te' in t$e interp !* )6 p$i )#)p$*n!rr!ti4e2 He % rrent * te!%$e# !t De M)nt6)rti4er#it*, Lei%e#ter, UK, !n' $!# (ritten #e4er!

, in% 'in" Finding our Sea-Legs: Ethics,perience and the Ocean of Stories 2OUGLAS BURNHAMpr)6e##)r )6 p$i )#)p$* !t St!66)r'#$ire Uni4er#it*,K, D) " !# B rn$!0 i# t$e ! t$)r )6 0!n* /))

!rti% e# )n 0)'ern !n' E r)pe!n p$i )#)p$*2IVE HILLe%t rer in p) iti%! t$e)r* !n' Briti#$ $i#t)r*,

i4e Hi $!# ! p!rti% !r intere#t in t$e r) e )6inte e%t ! in t$e 0)'ern ()r '2

TER >2 KING

)%t)r )6 p$i )#)p$* ($) e%t re# !t Pe0/r)&ee"e, Uni4er#it* )6 O+6)r', UK, Peter >2 Kin" i# t$e$)r )6 t$e re%ent /))& One Hundred Philosophers:

Guide to the World s Greatest !hin"ers 2HN MARENBON

Fe )( )6 Trinit* C) e"e, C!0/ri'"e, UK,$n M!ren/)n #t 'ie# !n' (rite# )n 0e'ie4!

)#)p$*2 Hi# /)) in% 'e Earl# $edie%alilosoph# &'()**+(: An ntroduction 2ARCUS WEEKS(riter !n' 0 #i%i!n, M!r% # Wee #t 'ie'

)#)p$* !n' ()r&e' !# ! te!%$er /e6)re e0/!r&in"! %!reer !# !n ! t$)r2 He $!# %)ntri/ te' t) 0!n* )n t$e !rt# !n' p)p !r #%ien%e#2THER CONTRIBUTORSe p / i#$er# () ' ! #) i&e t) t$!n& Ri%$!r'/)rne, e%t rer )6 p$i )#)p$* !n' %riti%! t$e)r* !t0/er(e C) e"e )6 Art#, UK, 6)r $i# ent$ #i!#0!##i#t!n%e in p !nnin" t$i# /))&, !n' Step$!niei 0!n 6)r $er $e p p ttin" t$e Dire%t)r* t)"et$er2

ONTRIBUTORS


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INTRODUCTIONHE ANCIENTORLD

CE

:;

verything is made

water

! e# )6 Mi et #

he %ao that can be told

not the eternal %ao

7i

umber is the ruler

forms and ideas

t$!")r!#

appy is he who has

ercome his ego'$!rt$!t!0!

old faithfulness and

cerity as 3rst principlesn6 %i #

verything is 4uxer!% it #

is one P!r0eni'e#

n is the measure of

ngs
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t!")r!#

When one throws to me

each, # return to him

m7i

thing exists except

ms and empty space

0)%rit # !n' Le %ipp #HE MEDIEVALORLD

:;;od is not the parent

evils

2 A " #tine )6 Hipp)

od foresees our free

ughts and actionset$i #

he soul is distinct

m the body A4i%enn!

ust by thinking about $od

can know he exists

2 An#e 09hilosophy and religion

not incompatible

err)e#

od has no attributes
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)#e#i0)ni'e#

%on6t grieve 'nything

u lose comes round inotherm

! !'.Din M $!00!' R 0i@he universe has notwayssted$)0!#

in!#

od is the not7other

&) ! # 4)n K e#

o know nothing is

happiest lifee#i'eri ##0 #

he life which is

examined is not

rth living

%r!te#

arthly knowledge istdow!t)

ruth resides in the worldound

i#t)t e

%eath is nothing to us
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pi% r #

e has the most who is

st content with the least

)"ene# )6 Sin)pe

he goal of life is living

agreement with nature

n) )6 Citi 0ONTENTS
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NAISSANCEND THE AGE

REASON;


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d truths of fact)tt6rie'i/ni7@

o be is to be perceivede)r"er&e e*

HE AGE OFVOLUTION:; =;;

%oubt is not a pleasant

ndition, but certainty

urdt!ire@

ustom is the great guide

human life D!4i' H 0e

n was born free yet

rywhere he is in chains!n.>!%1 e###e!

;n is an animal thatakesgains!0it$

here are two worlds:

bodies and theternalrld0!n ent9

ociety is indeed a contract0 n'r&e
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he greatest happiness

the greatest numberre0*

nt$!0:nd has no gender!r*

#t)ne%r!6t

What sort of philosophy

e chooses depends on

at sort of person one is

$!nn G)tt ie/ Fi%$te

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