The Philosophers Toolkit Basic Tools
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Transcript of The Philosophers Toolkit Basic Tools
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The Philosophers ToolkitBasic Tools
ReasoningQuestioning
? Refle
ction
Clarifying
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Distinctions
•When necessary distinction may need to be spelt out when undertaking discussions so that the participants understand the uses and limitations of key terms. •It is always a balance between being precise and not being too limiting.•Can include ranking or classifying a range of things as well as defining two concepts.
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Clarifying
Used to make sure the meaning is understood.
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Suggestions
Can be used to respond to a topic question.
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Reasons
•Used to support what is be said. •Can lead into a reason with the word ‘because’ i.e. I like apples because they have a great taste. Some sheep are lost because Little Bow Peep has lost her sheep.
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Agreement/Disagreement
•Used to express and explore opinions.•A disagreement in philosophy can help understand a topic better
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Examples
Used to illustrate and/or support what is being said.
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Counter Examples
Used to demonstrate that a generalization is wrong.
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Thought Experiments
Using ‘What if…’ or ‘Suppose that…’ to examine ideas, issues and problems in terms of imagined possibilities or scenarios.
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Reflection
A variety of methods can be used to summarize or respond to intellectual activity into a particular topic in order to close a discussion or debate, such as:
• Thumbs up/thumbs down• Designing a summary quote• Reporting learning in a journal
• Responding to specific reflective questions• Stream of consciousness• Pose a final question
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Questions
Used to open up intellectual discussion, identify themes and raise important issues. Can be in the form of:
• Random questions• Open/closed questions• Questioning Toolkit
• Bloom’s hierarchical questions• Consecutive & Non consecutive discussion questions
• CAM discussion sequence
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Justifying
•When we use a reason we justify something.•Can lead into a justification with the word ‘therefore’. i.e. I like apples because they have a great taste. Some sheep are lost because Little Bow Peep has lost her sheep.
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Inferring
•Used to image why something has happened or is happening.•Can lead into an inference with the word ‘therefore’. i.e. Apples have a great taste therefore I like them. Little Bow Peep has lost her sheep, therefore some sheep are lost.
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Valuing something or a series of things.
Judging