THE PHENOMENON OF CLIMATE CHANGE:Identifying the Role of International Non- Governmental OrganizationsTheme: The Challenge of Climate Change to Peoples and CommunitiesJanine GalangAB POSC- IRFS 4

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM:This study aims to identify the different international non- governmental organization operating in the Philippines and their roles in addressing the phenomenon that is climate change.

(1) To identify the various International Non- Governmental Organizations (INGOs) operating in the Philippines that advocate to address the phenomenon that is climate change.(2) To determine the different agenda of each of the identified INGOs towards addressing climate change.(3) To determine the strategies employed by these identified INGOs in the addressing climate change as a growing non- traditional security (NTS) threat.(4) To determine the various challenges encountered by the identified INGOs related to addressing the phenomenon that is climate change as a growing non- traditional security (NTS) threat.

ASSUMPTIONS: HYPOTHESIS:1. Climate change as a

growing phenomenon affects the NTS of the Philippines

2. To be able to address such threat, international non- governmental organizations play a crucial role.

3. International Non- Governmental Organizations (INGOs) have accomplishments and challenges in addressing climate change as a non- traditional security threat.

CLIMATE CHANGE

NTS threat

addresses societal, political & environmental consequences

NTS

International Non- Governmental Organizations have a role in addressing such

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

STUDY ON NON- TRADITIONAL SECURITY:- Study of NTS threats

STUDY OF CLIMATE CHANGE:- As a NTS threat

STUDY ON INTERNATIONAL NON- GOVERNMETNAL ORGANIZATIONS

SCOPE AND LIMITATION• Non- state ActorsInternational Non- Governmental Organizations• Effects of climate change

• INGOs present in the Philippines• Nature, accomplishments or successes, challenges and actions to take in addressing the issue• environmental effects

THEORETICAL BACKGROUND(REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE)NON- TRADITIONAL SECURITY(challenges the survival and well- being of the people and states that are primarily out of non- military sources)OBJECT OF SECURITYstate people (individual and societal levels)

NON TRADITIONAL SECURITY

ENVIRONMENTAL SECURITY

CLIMATE CHANGE(man- made problem)

- poses as a threat to the livelihoods, culture and health of the people

State & society will be strained(referent object of non- traditional security

environmental problems should be part of a state's political agenda

STATE ENLARGE PARTICIPATION

INTERNATIONAL NON- GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS

(grass- roots participation)

CONSTRUCTIVISM

- climate change is socially constructed

- centered on explaining change

- international norms affect state behavior and vice versa

LIBERALISM

- individuals are essentially cooperative based on human nature

- state and non- state actors are important in international relations

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE #1

To identify the various International Non- Governmental Organizations (INGOs)

operating in the Philippines that advocate to address the phenomenon that is climate

change.

Name of International Non- Governmental Organization addressing the phenomenon of climate change

General Description Date / Year Established

OXFAM (Oxford Committee for Famine Relief)

Oxfam is an international non-governmental organization working with others to build a future free from the injustice of poverty in close to 90 countries worldwide.

Officially established as Oxfam International- Philippines in 1988.(Founded in Britain in 1942)

Tzu Chi Foundation Tzu Chi Foundation is a non-profit organization founded by Dharma Master Cheng Yen in the impoverished east coast of Taiwan. The Foundation has been contributing to better social and community services, medical care, education and humanism in Taiwan for nearly 50 years.

Officially inaugurated on November 8, 1994 as Tzu Chi Foundation- Philippines(Founded in Taiwan in 1966)

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE #2

To determine the different agenda of each of the identified INGOs towards addressing

climate change.

International Non- Governmental Organization

Vision Mission Goal Major Projects/ Programs/ Activities

Oxfam International- Philippines

“Our vision is a just world without poverty. We want a world where people are valued and treated equally, enjoy their rights as full citizens, and can influence decisions affecting their lives”.

- To help create lasting solutions to the injustice of poverty. -We are part of a global movement for change, empowering people to create a future that is secure, just, and free from poverty.

- providing shelter, clean water and sanitation- combat such discrimination.

-rights-based sustainable development programs-public education-humanitarian assistance in disasters and conflicts.

Advocacy Campaigns, Climate Change Mitigation processes, Humanitarian Aid,

BINDS project

International Non- Governmental Organization

Vision Mission Goal Major Projects/ Programs/ Activities

Tzu Chi Foundation- Philippines

aiming to help the poor and educate the rich by reverently accepting Buddha’s teaching of "expressing great kindness to all sentient beings, and taking their suffering as our own", and bearing in mind Venerable Master Yin Shun’s aspiration of "being committed to Buddhism and to all living beings"

Alleviate the sufferings and inspiring people in the country.

- Charity- Environmental Protection- Medicine- Education- Humanity

- Tzu Chi’s Green Construction- Environmental Protection Task Force- Environmental Protection lunch kits

Humanitarian Aid, Education, Environmental Protection

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE #3

To determine the strategies employed by these identified INGOs in the addressing

climate change as a growing non- traditional security (NTS) threat.

Partnerships w/ LGUs; Volunteerism

Volunteerism

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE #4

To determine the various challenges encountered by the identified INGOs related

to addressing the phenomenon that is climate change as a growing non- traditional

security (NTS) threat.

• Although partnering with LGUs is an asset, there are times policy makers become a roadblock in promoting their advocacies.

• Information dissemination and coordination with other sectors are also a challenge due to "territorial possessiveness" or restricted access to the areas

CONCLUSION

• INGOs are effective in addressing the threat of climate change because they are flexible in adapting to local situations and response to local needs, as well as getting participation from the grassroots level

OXFAM International-Philippines - focuses on projects and

programs that inform about climate change adaptation and risk reduction

• Tzu Chi Foundation- Philippines

- focuses on giving material aid and inspiring love & humanity among people through its different projects

behavior of INGOs always tend to be cooperative best manifested in their coordination with

government agencies, environmental groups and other civil society groups

CONSTRUCTIVISMInternational norms affect state behavior

recognition of a common threat: CLIMATE CHANGE

The way to address the issue is through participation in INGOs because ideas, beliefs and identities can be turned into advocacies of the people

LIBERALISMNon- state actors are important

INGOs

Independent and indirect influences on domestic and foreign policies of states

social and environmental issues are at the front of international agenda

Influence of INGOs on the decision- making of LGUs aboud climate change adaptation and risk reduction

• Policy makers may become a hindrance to the endeavors of the INGOs in terms of pushing for policies that are in line with their advocacies