The phased approachto the groundwater monitoring programme

for the Drini River Basin

• Location and boundaries of groundwater bodies (3-dimensional conception)• Pressures to which the groundwater bodies are subjected• Thickness and permeability of the overlying strata• Degree to which groundwater bodies are at risk of failing to meet the WFD’s objectives

Delineation and Characterisation of Groundwater Bodies

IntegratedRiver Basin Management

(The content of the building is the so called River Basin Management Plan.)

Quantitative status Chemical status • surveillance monitoring • operational monitoring Criteria for status assessment and for identification/reversal of sustained upward trends Groundwater “Daughter” Directive

Monitoring Programme for Groundwater

• In case of risk of failing to achieve the Directive’s objectives: List of measures taken to achieve them • Measures taken to apply the principle of recovery of the costs of water use

Programme of Measures concerning Groundwater

Eco

nom

ic A

spec

ts a

nd I

nput

of

Sta

keho

lder

s

GIS

and

Rep

ortin

g

! Without a solid ground floor you cannot construct

a first floor !

The structure of the Water Framework Directive (WFD) concerning groundwater as a building

The step by step approach for development of the groundwater monitoring programme

prep

arat

ion

peri

od

until 08/2009

plan

ning

p

erio

d

Delineate and characterize groundwater bodies

I.

Analyse pressuresconcerning quan-titative and chemical status

II.

Compile available existing monitoring points= available monitoring network

III.

Develop the theore-tical necessary monitoring networks concerning quantita-tive and chemical status

IV.

Compare the theore-tical necessary monitoring networks with the available network; Analyse gaps

V.

until 10/2009

[mid

dle-

term

per

iod]

[~

18

mon

ths]

build

ing

peri

od

Identify the lo-cations for new built observation wells to close the gaps

VI.

Build newobservation wells

Old observation wells of the former Yugoslav period

Abstraction wells and springs (raw water) for drinking water supply

Other existing monito-ring points [e.g. self-supply of households; mining companies]

The Kosovan groundwater monitoring networks for quantitative and chemical status

New builtobservation wells

! The more appropriate existing monitoring sites are identified the less have to be

constructed !

Working step I, slide 1 Delineation of groundwater bodies

Preliminary delineated groundwater bodiesin Drini River Basin

Delineation according to the following attributes:- Groundwater watersheds (divides), or ,if not available, topographic map and surface water sub-basins- Rock type- Type of general hydraulic characteristics- Age and geometry (3-D concept) of lithostratigraphic units

Reasonable sizes of groundwater

bodies between 154 km2 and 579 km2

Working step I, slide 2 Delineation of groundwater bodies

The main purpose of identifying „water bodies“ is to enable the status to be accurately described and compared to environmental objectives. This does not mean that a groundwater body must be delineated so that it is homogeneous in terms of its natural characteristics.

A groundwater body means a distinct volume of groundwater within an aquifer or within several aquifers.

! A groundwater body is more or less a “pragmatic working

unit” for the authorities !

A sub-division (fragmentation) of ground-water into unmanageable numbers of groundwater bodies should be avoided in order to reduce administrative burden.

The delineation of groundwater bodies should be regarded as an iterative process, possibly refined over the time!

Compile data on human activities and identify the different types of pressures concerning quantitative status chemical status - abstraction - diffuse sources of pollution for water supply and (because of land use) for irrigation - point sources of pollution

Decide on the likely effects of identified human activities/pressures on groundwater

Assess vulnerability to the effects of pressures

Determine the relevant pollutant input areas concer-ning diffuse sources of pollution anddefine the significant point sources of pollution at which monitoring points downstream have to be con-structed = Necessary

working tools or data

Calculated balance between recharge and abstraction

or

Working step II, slide 1 Pressure analysis (whole procedure)

Use of existing groundwater level

data

GroundwaterVulnerability Map

Land Use Map

Cadastre of landfills, other contaminated

sites, mines etc.

areas wherepotential diffuse source pressures [settlement and industrial area] are combi-ned with high natural vulnerability to pressures[permeable overlying strata or impermeable overlying strata with a thickness less than 5 m]

Target concerning to diffuse sources of pollution:Identification of areaswhere the monitoring activities have to focus on= relevant pollutant input areas

Result of Superposing/Combinationof Land Use Mapand Groundwater Vulnerability Map

Working step II, slide 2 Relevant pollutant input areas

=

Key principles for design of the groundwater chemical status monitoring programme (1)

decreasingnatural protectioneffect of theoverlying strata= increasing natural vulnerabi- lity of the ground- water body

increasing size of pollutant input area and/or increasing magnitude of pressures

increasing density of the chemical status monitoring network and increasing monitoring frequency

- Land Use Map - Map or Cadastre of point sources of pollution

- Groundwater Vulnerability Map

- Map of the chemical status monitoring network

Superposition/Combination

Identification of areaswhere the monitoringactivities have to focus on

! Pressure oriented measuring !

Potential relevant effects of pressures

(i.e. the hazard)

Likely effects of pressures

Natural characteristics ofthe groundwater body that determine its vulnerability

Expert problem solving by GIS