The Persian Gulf & The Persian Gulf & InteriorInteriorChapter 19Chapter 19

I.I. Natural EnvironmentsNatural EnvironmentsA) Landforms & RiversA) Landforms & Rivers

Plate Tectonics?Plate Tectonics? Mesopotamia?Mesopotamia? Exotic river?Exotic river?

Mountains?Mountains?

B. Climate B. Climate

Climate? Climate? Rub al-Kali?Rub al-Kali? Temps? Why?Temps? Why?

C. Natural ResourcesC. Natural Resources

2 most important?2 most important? Saudi Arabia (world’s Saudi Arabia (world’s

largest oil exporter!)largest oil exporter!)

Oasis?Oasis? Fossil Water?Fossil Water? Desalinization?Desalinization?

II. History & CultureII. History & CultureA) From Empires to IndependenceA) From Empires to Independence

Fertile Crescent?Fertile Crescent? World’s FIRST civilization? World’s FIRST civilization?

B. The Rise of IslamB. The Rise of Islam

Who founded Islam? Who founded Islam? Birth city? Birth city? GodGod in Arabic? in Arabic? Followers of Islam? Followers of Islam? Holy book of Islam? Holy book of Islam? 5 Pillars of Islam? 5 Pillars of Islam? Holiest City?Holiest City?

the Ka’abathe Ka’aba 35’ X 40’, and 50’35’ X 40’, and 50’ Built by Abraham & Ishmael Built by Abraham & Ishmael Black embroidered clothBlack embroidered cloth S.E. corner = sacred black stoneS.E. corner = sacred black stone

From heavenFrom heaven Gabriel gave to AbrahamGabriel gave to Abraham White?White?

Replica of the House of God in the 7Replica of the House of God in the 7 thth heaven heaven Heaven = 7 levelsHeaven = 7 levels Hell = 7 levels (punishment fits the sin)Hell = 7 levels (punishment fits the sin)

The Ka’aba The Ka’aba

Five Pillars of IslamFive Pillars of Islam

1. Faith: 1. Faith: There is no God but Allah, & There is no God but Allah, & Muhammad is the messenger of AllahMuhammad is the messenger of Allah

2. Prayers: 5X per day, face toward Mecca2. Prayers: 5X per day, face toward Mecca 3. Alms: give $ to the poor 3. Alms: give $ to the poor 4. Fasting: during the month of Ramadan, 4. Fasting: during the month of Ramadan,

from dawn to sunset from dawn to sunset 5. Pilgrimage: perform the 5. Pilgrimage: perform the hajjhajj to Mecca to Mecca

C. CultureC. Culture

Ethnicity? Ethnicity? Language? Language? Kurds? Kurds? Persians...language?Persians...language?

D. Religion & SocietyD. Religion & Society

Sunni Islam?Sunni Islam? 90% of Muslim90% of Muslim

world world

Shi’a Islam?Shi’a Islam? 10% of Muslim world10% of Muslim world Iran & eastern IraqIran & eastern Iraq

Difference? Difference? Imam? Imam?

III. The Region TodayIII. The Region TodayA) Economic Development A) Economic Development

Money makers? Money makers? Agriculture? Agriculture? Pork & alcohol? Pork & alcohol? Bedouins? Bedouins?

B. Urban EnvironmentsB. Urban Environments

Largest cities? Largest cities?

C. Governments, Issues, C. Governments, Issues, & Challenges& Challenges

World’s largest oil exporter? World’s largest oil exporter? O.P.E.C.?O.P.E.C.? Ayatollah?Ayatollah? Theocracy? Theocracy? Saddam Hussein?Saddam Hussein?

First Gulf War (Iran-Iraq War) (1980-1988)First Gulf War (Iran-Iraq War) (1980-1988) Second Gulf War (Iraqi invasion of Kuwait) (1990)Second Gulf War (Iraqi invasion of Kuwait) (1990) 2003 (U.S. invasion of Iraq b/c of WMDs?) 2003 (U.S. invasion of Iraq b/c of WMDs?)