The Periodic table of Elements By: Mr. Castillo & Mr. Buenrostro.
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Transcript of The Periodic table of Elements By: Mr. Castillo & Mr. Buenrostro.
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The Periodic table of Elements
By: Mr. Castillo & Mr. Buenrostro
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Ready to get started?
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Periodic table of Elements• Think back over the last week…….• We learned atoms are made of neutrons, protons,
and electrons. We also learned their locations and charges.
• We learned that their properties are linked to the number and type of particles.
• Now, lets learn about the world of elements…….
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Periodic table of Elements
• Table of elements: a list of all the elements in the universe organized by the properties of their atoms. -Remember the particles of an atom??-Remember the protons, neutrons, and electrons?
• The arrangement and number of an atom’s particles makes one element different from the other.
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Questions?
• Organized…..Arrangement????• What do those big college words mean?
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Organized & Arrangement• Means to place something in a location by
type, category, or property. • Example: How is a grocery stores is arranged?
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Organized & Arrangement• The produce section for fruits and vegetables,
meats, bakery, and dairy are all arranged by their similar properties.
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Periodic Table of Elements
• Scientist used this concept (idea) to organize and arrange all the known elements of the universe into a table that made sense.
Uh-Huh!!!
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Periodic Table of Elements
• Not that type of table.• Table: data arranged in rows and columns
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Elements
Li3
Lithium6.941
Atomic Number
Atomic Mass
Atomic Number: Number of protons in an atom. Identifies the element.Atomic Mass: Number of protons and Neutrons found in the nucleus.A=P=E:Atomic Number= Protons = Electrons ; 3 = 3+ = 3-
Atoms Symbol
Atoms Name
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Arrangement of Particles
Li3
Lithium6.941
Be4
Beryllium9.012
How are these atoms different??
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• Element: a pure substance made of only one kind of atom.
• A natural or synthetic substance that cannot be broken down into simpler materials; has unique properties.
Elements
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• What type of arrangement do you see? Patterns?
Table of Elements
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• The Table of Elements is divided into two main categories: Periods and Groups
Table of Elements
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Groups and Periods numbers
• Group number: The numbers above each vertical column giving the number of outer valence electrons in each element. There are 18 groups.
• Period number: The numbers beside each horizontal row that lists the number of electron shells. There are 7 periods.
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Groups and Periods
• Groups: vertical columns that organize atoms with similar number of valence electrons.
1A
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Group Numbers (top)
Find the number of Valence Electrons.
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Groups and Periods
• Periods: horizontal rows that organize atoms with similar number of electron energy shells.
1
2
3
OCS
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Periods Numbers (side)
Find the number of Orbits, Clouds, Shell.
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What kind of pattern do you see here?
1 2
1
2
3
Column
Row
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Valence electrons
• Valence electrons: electrons in the outer most or last electron shell (OCS). The group number (ones place) equals valence electrons.
• Valence electrons determine an elements chemical properties, including reactivity. Involved in bonding
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Valence ElectronsWhat is the red arrow showing?
Electron on 1st inner shell
Electron on 2nd shell Electron on 3rd
outer shell
NUCLEUS
VictorValence goes to the edge
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Valence Electron(s) & Shells
How many orbits and Valence electrons do you see here?
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Electron Configuration• Electrons occupy different energy levels (shell)
around the nucleus of the atom. • Each energy level can hold a specific number
of electrons. The first Shell/ level holds 2The second shell / level holds 8The third shell / level holds 18
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Battleship PERIODS AND GROUPS!
What element is at Group 9 Period 5? Rhodium(Rh)
What element is at Group 12 Period 6?Mercury (Hg)
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Groups and Victor Valence
What element is at Group 2 Period 2? Beryllium (Be)
SO …..How many electrons DARED to go to the EDGE? Hmmmmm
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Start COUNTING!Group ? Period ?
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Any Questions